Geology Review

1
Geology Review
2
The earth zone with the most volume and mass is
the

1. lithosphere.
2. core.
3. crust.
4. mantle.
5. oceanic crust.

3
The asthenosphere is

1. the outer atmosphere.
2. the inner core of earth.
3. a plastic region in the crust.
4. a plastic region in the mantle.
5. a solid region in the mantle.

4
The majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur

1. in the interior of continents.
2. on oceanic islands.
3. along the edge of continents.
4. in the open ocean.
5. In the U.S.

5
A ____ is not one of the three types of
boundaries between lithospheric plates.

1. transform fault
2. mantle fault
3. convergent plate boundary
4. divergent plate boundary
5. lithosphere fault

6
Which of the following is false? Tectoni

1. produce mountains.
2. are composed of crust and core.
3. move on the asthenosphere.
4. produce ocean trenches.
5. produce volcanoes

7
Tectonic plates move apart in opposite directions
at a(an)

1. divergent plate boundary.
2. transform fault.
3. convergent plate boundary.
4. subduction zone.
5. mantle fault.

8
Tectonic plates move in opposite but parallel
directions along a fault at a(an)

1. divergent plate boundary.
2. transform fault.
3. convergent plate boundary.
4. subduction zone.
5. mantle fault.

9
The energy sources primarily responsible for
earth's external geological processes are

1. energy from the sun and magnetism.
2. energy from the sun and gravity.
3. energy from the sun and heat from earth's
   interior.
4. gravity and magnetism.
5. only gravity.

10
An earthquake is most directly caused by

1. the creation of a fault (fracture in rock) or
   shifting along an existing fault.
2. a change in ocean currents.
3. dumping of toxic wastes.
4. comets crashing into earth.
5. mining.

11
Which of the following is not a characteristic of
a mineral?

1. crystal structure
2. organic
3. naturally occurring
4. solid
5. inorganic

12
All of the following are broad classes of rock
except

1. sedimentary.
2. igneous.
3. metamorphic.
4. crystal.
5. plasticized.

13
Lava is an example of ____ rock.

1. metamorphic
2. igneous
3. sedimentary
4. plasticized
5. crystal

14
The change of rocks from one type to another is
known as

1. metamorphism.
2. the rock cycle.
3. petrography.
4. consolidation.
5. hydrogeology.

15
Igneous rocks

1. are an important source of many non-fuel mineral
   resources.
2. include limestone and shale.
3. are always formed on the surface.
4. include schist and gneiss.
5. can be derived from plant remains.

16
The type of rock that covers most of earth's land
surface is

1. metamorphic.
2. igneous.
3. sedimentary.
4. gemstones.
5. plasticized.

17
Heat and pressure convert

1. igneous rock into sedimentary rock.
2. sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock.
3. metamorphic rock into igneous rock.
4. sedimentary rock into igneous rock.
5. metamorphic into sedimentary rock.

18
Slate, anthracite, and marble are ____ rocks.

1. primary
2. secondary
3. metamorphic
4. igneous
5. tertiary

19
A subduction zone is associated with a transform
fault.

1. True
2. False

20
The lithosphere is made of

1. core and lower mantle.
2. core and upper mantle.
3. crust and lower mantle.
4. crust and upper mantle.
5. core and crust.

21
Soil is developed most directly through

1. moving tectonic plates.
2. earthquakes.
3. weathering.
4. mass wasting.
5. volcanoes.

22
Leaching occurs when

1. humus is dissolved.
2. water removes soluble soil components.
3. organic compounds slowly decay.
4. rock is shattered by frost action.
5. water stays in the soil.

23
Topsoil that is ____ in color is the most highly
fertile.

1. gray
2. red
3. dark brown or black
4. yellow
5. green

24
Red and yellow colors in a soil horizon usually
indicate a

1. high percentage of sand.
2. high percentage of lime and gypsum.
3. lack of iron oxide.
4. low organic matter content.
5. large number of soil organisms.

25
A soil sample of closely packed pebbles that is a
mixture of minerals and low in humus probably
came from a

1. coniferous forest.
2. desert.
3. deciduous forest.
4. tropical forest
5. grassland.

26
Clay has ____ permeability and ____ porosity.

1. high . . . high
2. high . . . low
3. low. . . high
4. low. . . low
5. medium . . . medium

27
Soil textures with moderate physical and chemical
properties include

1. clay and silt.
2. sand and loam.
3. clay and loam.
4. silt and loam.
5. sand and clay.