8th Grade Review Quiz

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8th Grade Review Quiz

• Things I should knowbut that was 3 years ago!!

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Explain the significance of the following dates
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1607

• The English establish Jamestown (first
  permanent settlement)

1776

• The Declaration of Independence (signed JULY
  4th 1776)

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1787

• US Constitution written in Philadelphia (creates
  federal government)

1803

• Louisiana Purchase-doubled the size of the
  United States (bought by Thomas Jefferson)

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1861-1865

• Civil War

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Explain the roles played by the following
individuals during the American Revolution
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PEOPLE
Samuel Adams

• Helped form the Committee of Correspondence (Thi
  s committee coordinated resistance throughout
  the colonies.)

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PEOPLE
Benjamin Franklin

• Contributed to the Declaration of Independence
• Contributed to the Constitution

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PEOPLE
King George III

• King of England at the time of the American
  Revolution

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PEOPLE
Thomas Jefferson

• Primary author of the
• Declaration of Independence
• 2. Governor of Virginia

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PEOPLE
Marquis de Lafayette

• French officer (assisted American forces in the
  War for Independence)

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PEOPLE
Thomas Paine

• Writer (Common Sense)
• Convinced many to support a complete break
  with Great Britain

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PEOPLE
George Washington

1. Army general
2. Member of Continental Congress
3. Commander of the Continental Army
4. President of Constitutional Convention
5. President of the United States

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Explain the significance of the following
important documents
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DOCUMENTS
Mayflower Compact
Agreement of the Mayflower pilgrims where they
agree to live by the colonys laws. Signed on the
ship before they even got off.
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DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence

• Why was it written?
• Dear John letter
• American colonists telling why they must break
  the ties with Great Britain

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DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence

• Who wrote it?
• Thomas Jefferson
• When was it signed?
• July 4th 1776

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DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence
Main Ideas, section 1

• Unalienable rights all persons
• Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
• If the govt fails to protect all
• citizens, then they have the
• right, even obligation, to over
• throw the govt.

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DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence
Main Ideas section 2

• Accuses King George III of
• tyranny

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DOCUMENTS
Declaration of Independence

• Main Ideas, section 3
• States that the Colonies are an independent
  nation, separate from Great Britain

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DOCUMENTS
Articles of Confederation(1777, went into effect
in 1781)
WEAKNESSES

• States held all the power fear
• of another tyrant.
• No central govt no ability to tax
• No uniformity among the states
• No common currency
• Similar, not same laws

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DOCUMENTS
Federalist Papers

• Published essays to support the
• new Constitution
• Explains the 3 branches of govt
• checks and balances
• In support of a strong national
• government

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Documents
Constitution (1787)

• Executive Branch President Cabinet
• Represents the nation
• Enforces the law
• Legislative Branch Congress
• Represents the people
• Creates law taxes
• Judicial Branch
• Represents the Constitution
• Interprets the law

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DOCUMENTS
US Constitution (1787)

• Checks and Balances
• System in which each of the branches of the
  federal government can check the actions of the
  other branches

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DOCUMENTS
US Constitution (1787)
Popular Sovereignty

• The govt exists by the will of
• the people all power comes from
• the people
• Its PEOPLE POWER!!!

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DOCUMENTS
US Constitution (1787)

• Republicanism
• Form of government in which the will of the
  people is expressed through representatives who
  are elected to create/enforce laws

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DOCUMENTS
US Constitution (1787)

• Federalism
• Division of power between the national state
  governments

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DOCUMENTS
US Constitution (1787)

• Bill of Rights
• First 10 Amendments
• Answered many of the complaints
• written in the Declaration of
• Independence

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DOCUMENTS
Amendments 1 10 Bill of Rights

• First Amendment Freedom of
• Speech
• Press
• Religion
• Assembly
• Right to petition the govt

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DOCUMENTS
Bill of Rights

1. Right to bear arms
2. Civilians will not be forced to house soldiers
3. Unreasonable search and seizure.

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DOCUMENTS
Bill of Rights

• Rights of the accused
• Double jeopardy
• Cant be forced to testify against self
• No prison w/out due process
• Capital crimes require indictment

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DOCUMENTS
Bill of Rights

1. Right to a speedy trialby a jury of your peers
2. Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
3. No cruel or unusual punishment or excessive bail

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DOCUMENTS
Bill of Rights Am. 9

• Rights of the People
• Just because its not stated doesnt mean its
  not a right.
• Powers not given to the federal govt NOR denied
  the states belong to either the states or the
  people.

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DOCUMENTS
How did the following contribute to the
Representative Government established during the
Colonial time period?
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DOCUMENTS
Magna Carta

• Signed by King John in AD 1215
• Limits the power of the monarch
• Foundation of future American ideals of liberty
  and justice

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DOCUMENTS
English Bill of Rights (1688)

• British govt granted to English people certain
  rights and freedom
• Became the model and foundation of American Bill
  of Rights of 1789

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Writings
Enlightenment (1700s)

• Use of Reason to improve society and government
• Governments owed certain responsibilities to
  their citizens.
• Government power should be limited.

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ISSUE
Distance

• The Colonies were too far away to be managed.
• They developed their own forms of self government
  such as the House of Burgesses, General Assembly
• Modeled on British tradition.

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The American Revolution 1775-1781)(American
Colonies seeking independence from Great Britain)
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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Why did the colonies rebel against the British?

1. Imposing taxes without approval
2. Forcing colonists to house British soldiers
3. Denying trial by jury

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Why did the colonies rebel against the British?

1. Prohibiting trade with other nations
2. Denying representation in Parliament
3. Couldnt move west

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Significant Battles

• Lexington (April 1775)
• Shot heard round the world
• Concord
• Americans defeat British
• (Start of American Revolution)

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Significant Battles

• Saratoga (Summer 1777)
• Turning point in Revolutionary War
• Convinced France to help the Colonies

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Significant Battles

• Yorktown (1781)
• The last battle of the Revolutionary War
• Cornwallis surrenders to Washington

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AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Treaty of Paris

• Officially ended the Revolutionary War
• Britain recognized the independence of
  the United States

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The Civil War 1861-1865(War between the Union
and the Confederacy)
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CIVIL WAR
Explain how states rights and the nullification
crisis led to the Civil War.
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CIVIL WAR
States Rights the Nullification Crisis

• Major dispute over the power of the state versus
  the power of the federal government in 1828

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CIVIL WAR
States Rights The Nullification Crisis

• Congress passes high tariffs-angers Southerners
• South Carolina claims the states right to
  nullify an act of the federal govt it believes
  unconstitutional

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CIVIL WAR
States Rights the Nullification Crisis

• She threatens to secede if forced to comply with
  act
• A compromise is ultimately reached
• But the Civil War is not far behind.

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CIVIL WAR (afterward)
Constitutional Amendments

1. 13th Ended Slavery
2. 14th Granted citizenship to former slaves
   defines citizenship equal protection under the
   law
3. 15th Right to vote for African American men