Ch 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ch 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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Too much fluid? Not enough fluid? Ch 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Learning Objectives List the factors that determine body water content. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Ch 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance


1
Ch 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Too much fluid?
Not enough fluid?
  • Learning Objectives
  • List the factors that determine body water
    content.
  • Describe the importance of sodium balance in the
    body (and the resulting factors from too much
    sodium being lost).

2
Discussion
  • How much water should we really drink per day?
  • What happens if we drink too little? What happens
    if we drink too much?

http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid5539638143
02768642qhowmuchwatertodrinktotal387start
0num10so0typesearchplindex0
3
Small Group Activity
  • Instructions
  • In small groups of no more than 4 people per
    group, read the article Can You Drink Too Much
    Water?
  • Discuss and formulate answers to the 6 guiding
    discussion points (next page).
  • Be prepared to share your answers with fellow
    classmates.
  • For further information http//video.google.co
    m/videoplay?docid-6490926615600128267

4
Body Water Content
  • Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are
    73 or more water
  • (In old age, only about 45 of body weight is
    water)

What inference can you draw from that?
Healthy males are about __ water healthy
females are around __ This difference reflects
females - Higher body fat - Smaller amount of
skeletal muscle
5
Fluid Compartments
  • Water occupies two main fluid compartments
  • __________ fluid (ICF) about two thirds by
    volume, contained in cells
  • ____________ fluid (ECF) consists of two major
    subdivisions
  • Plasma the fluid portion of the blood
  • Interstitial fluid (IF) fluid in spaces between
    cells
  • Other ECF lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eye
    humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and
    gastrointestinal secretions

6
Composition of Body Fluids
  • Q - What is the universal solvent?

Q What are solutes?
7
Electrolyte Composition of Body Fluids
Q What are some of the greatest electrolytes
found in blood plasma?
8
Electrolyte Balance
  • Electrolytes are salts, acids, and bases, but
    electrolyte ________ usually refers only to salt
    balance
  • Salts are important for
  • Neuromuscular excitability
  • Secretory activity
  • Membrane permeability
  • Controlling fluid movements
  • Salts enter the body by ingestion and are lost
    via perspiration, feces, and urine

9
Electrolyte Balance continued
  • Changes in plasma sodium levels affect
  • Plasma volume, blood pressure
  • ICF and interstitial fluid volumes
  • Look at Table 25.1 Causes and Consequences of
    Electrolyte Imbalance pg 916. Answer the
    following questions
  • What happens to the heart when there is not
    enough potassium?
  • How about too much magnesium?

10
Fluid Movement
  • Electrolytes have ________ osmotic power than
    nonelectrolytes
  • Water ______ according to osmotic gradients
  • To remain properly hydrated, water intake must
    _____ water output

11
Thirst Management
  • What part of the brain regulates thirst? How?

12
Thirst continued
  • _______________ is stimulated
  • By a decline in plasma volume of 1015
  • By increases in plasma osmolality of 12
  • Via baroreceptor input, angiotensin II, and other
    stimuli

Thirst is quenched as soon as we begin to drink
water. Feedback signals that inhibit the thirst
centers include a. __________ of the mucosa of
the mouth and throat b. Activation of stomach and
intestinal stretch receptors
13
Abnormalities of Acid-Base Balance
Instructions Explore the following imbalances
and their possible effects with your small group.
Use the text pages 927 928 as reference
material. Note the causes in Table 25.2 page 928.
  • What is respiratory acidosis?
  • Respiratory alkalosis?
  • Metabolic acidosis?
  • Metabolic alkalosis?
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