Reuse of Energy (Biogas)

1
Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials
Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in
India
Reuse of Energy (Biogas)
Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international,
Austria
2
Ecocycle
organic waste from households and industries
food production at farms
co-digestion of waste and manure
re-use of nutrients
re-use of energy
source www.kristianstad.se/
3
Possible Benefits of Biogas Plants to the
End-users
Under the right conditions a biogas plant yields
several benefits to end-users Improved
sanitation reduction of pathogens, worm eggs and
flies Environmental advantages fertilizer
substitution, less greenhouse gas
emission Reduction of workload less firewood
collection, better cooking performance Productio
n of energy lighting, heat, electricity,
etc. Improved indoor air quality less smoke
and harmful particle emission of biogas stoove
compared to wood or dung fuels Economical
benefits substitution of spendings on expensive
fuels and fertilizers
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Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?
Environmental Advantages Local environmental
advantages through protection of forests, soil,
water and air. Global environmental benefits
through reduced green house gas emissions.
Global Warming Potential (GWP)Carbon Dioxide
(CO2) has a GWP of exactly 1 (since it is the
baseline unit to which all other greenhouse gases
are compared)
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Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?
Social Advantages Reduction of workload, mainly
for women, in firewood collection and cooking
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Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?
Health Advantages Reduction of respiratory chest
diseases, lung cancer, cataract and other eye
infections, lung infections
Indoor Air Pollution
Improved Air Quality Using Biogas Stoove
source http//www.abdn.ac.uk/
photo M. Wafler
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Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?
Economic Advantages Substitute to fire wood,
LPG, dung cake in e.g. cooking
1 m3 Biogas (_at_ ca. 6 kWh/m3) is equivalent to
0.5 kg Diesel, Kerosene _at_ ca. 12 kWh/kg
1.3 kg Wood _at_ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg
1.2 kg Cow Dung _at_ ca. 5 kWh/kg dry matter
1.3 kg Plant Residue _at_ ca. 4.5 kWh/kg dry matter
0.7 kg Hard Coal _at_ ca. 8.5 kWh/kg
1.1 m3 City Gas _at_ ca. 5.3 kWh/m3
0.24 m3 Propane _at_ ca. 25 kWh/m3
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Why Shall We Collect and Re-use Biogas?
30 m3 BIOGAS


INR. 400
(_at_ 14.2 kg of LPG per container)
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Biogas Appliances
Institutional biogas burnerin a community kitchen
Biogas Lamp (Thailand)
photo Chaing Mai
photo Krmer (TBW)
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Biogas Appliances
Biogas Generator
Biogas Water Heater (China)
Biogas Rice Cooker (China)
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Biogas Appliances and Their Biogas Consumption
(photo K.P. Pravinjith)
(photo M. Wafler)
appliance biogas consumption ?l/hour?
household burner 200 - 450
industrial burner 1,000 3,000
refrigarator (100 l capacity depending on outside temperature) 720 1,800
gas lamp (equivalent to 60 W bulb) 120 - 150
biogas/diesel engine (per bhp) 420
source 6
12
Ecosan Training Courses for TSC officials
Developing Capacity for Ecological Sanitation in
India
Reuse of Energy (Biogas)
Dipl. Ing. Martin Wafler, seecon international,
Austria
13
Bibliography

• Kossmann, W. et al (unknown). Biogas Digest
  (Volume I) Biogas Basics
• Seghersbetter (2002). Anaerobic Digestion in
  Wastewater Treatment http//www.scientecmatrix.com
  /seghers/tecm/scientecmatrix.nsf/_/FF976EA7B13F69F
  5C1256B5A005418EC/file/AnaerobicDigestionInWasteW
  aterTreatment.pdf. (last accessed on March 15th,
  2007)
• Hammer, M., (2002). Ugandan Biogas Plants State
  of the Art
• SANIMAS (2005). Informed Choice Catalogue
  (PP-Presentation) http//sanimas.waspola.org/produ
  ct.html
• Werner, U., Stöhr, U., Hees, N. (1989). Biogas
  plants in animal husbandry
• Sasse, L. (1988). Biogas Plants
• Morel A., Diener S. (2006). Greywater Management
  in Low and Middle-Income Countries, Review of
  different treatment systems for households or
  neighbourhoods. Swiss Federal Institute of
  Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).
  Dübendorf, Switzerland.