Terra Preta Sanitation full reuse in sanitaton and bio-waste-management

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Terra Preta Sanitationfull reuse in sanitaton
andbio-waste-management

• Learning from successful ancient cultures
• Prof. Dr. Ralf Otterpohl

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Initial remark on Public Health

• Parasites (Salt! removal of most parasites with
  increased uptake of pure NaCl salt over 6 weeks,
  combne with Vitamin C like fresh fruitalso
  traditional knowledge)
• Flue (bird, swine, what is next?)why did this
  normal flue lieke swine flu become a WHO pandemy?
  Keep Vitamin D up! All flue can be treated with
  high amounts of vitamin D or A, check levels
• A really dangerous could come(who will belive
  WHO then? see above)
• Keep the immune system strong zink!(trace
  element, ammunition of the immune system, often
  too low)

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Initial remark on Public Health

• Selling bottled water for 30 40 0r 50 cents per
  litre to the poorest people in the world
• is brutal misuse of power, killing babies and
  small children(can those who run this sleep well
  at night?)
• A price of 5 cents for water in a bag is possible

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The 3 dimensions of Innovation
Concept Innovation
Formal Innovation
Technical Innovation
Source Prof. G. Teodorescu, Stuttgart
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Flushwatercan be saved6.000 - 25.000
Volumel/(Pyear)
Yearly Loadskg/(Pyear)
N 4-5
P 0,75
K 1,8
COD 30
Treatment
Biogas-PlantComposting
S, Ca, Mg and traceelements
Treatment
Reuse / Water Cycle
Fertiliser
Soil-Conditioner
Geigy, Wiss. Tabellen, Basel 1981, Vol. 1, LARSEN
and GUJER 1996, FITSCHEN and HAHN 1998
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Low/Non-diluting toilets are the key for new
sanitation concepts
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The 3 main Development lines

• Blackwater and integrated systems design
• Dry sanitation / Low Cost solutions
• Urine-Diversion with flush sanitation

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• Here Dry sanitation and a pathway for the
  furture
• Urine diverting dry toilets have been a major
  step forward (first from Sweden)
• Over 1 Million installations, fast growing
• Many different toilets have been developed, good
  but not excellent
• Treatment pathway for faeces and urine needs to
  be improved

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Urine Diverting Dry Sanitation Developed from
Sweden
ROSA, EU 6th FP
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Neue Schultoilette, Ukraine (TUHH/WECF)
NGO WECF Women in Europe and TUHH
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• Major drawbacks in modern dry sanitation
• Urban, peri-urban areas are still difficult to be
  served
• Multi storey houses not well solved
• Ventilation is not an option for large scale,
  otherwise the whole region will smell bad
• An ancient system offers new perspectives Terra
  Preta Sanitationas evaluated by Dr. haiko
  Pieplow, Germany

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• Bio-Systems Design
• If there is one problem, look for other problems
  and solve them together
• Waste of one system is food for others
• Solutions are searched until no waste is
  remaining
• No Waste equals Zero Emissions
• Multiple added value

according to Gunter Pauli, ZERI
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If there is one problem, look for other problems
and solve them together ProblemLack of
efficient low cost sanitation Other
Problems Water scarcityWeak soils, erosion,
depletionMissing food securityLack of
incomeToo little jobs
Jobs with the systems, greywater in gardening,
black soil makes water, health
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Soil degradation is stupid,
future generations will need land, too
Poor soil can become highly fertile withclever
management of biowaste and sanitation
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The samesoilhighly fertileand carbon rich
over manygenerationslong ago with-
lactofermentedvermicompostedbiowaste andfaecal
matter- 10 charcoal Terra Preta
Naturally verypoor tropicalsoildegrades
verysoon withlack of organicmatter
Poor soil can become highly fertile withclever
management of biowaste and sanitation
from Günther F. (2007). Carbon sequestration for
everybody
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• Terra Preta
• 2000 7000 years old
• around 10 of the Amazon Region - 16. century
  millions of people, today 350.000
• up to 20 meters deep, partly hills
• fertile without adding fertilizer
• multiple yield
• Composition around 10 ground charcoal,
  processed biowaste and feacal matter
  (lactofermentation and vermicomposting),bones
  and broken earthware

Glaser, B. (2007). Prehistorically modified soils
of central Amazonia a model for sustainable
agriculture in the twenty-first century,Phil.
Trans. R. Soc. B. 362 pp 187196
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from Günther F. (2007). Carbon sequestration for
everybody
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GEO, March 2009
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Historic Amazon Forest Argriculture in three
layers GEO 3/2009
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An ancient pathway for todayTERRA PRETA(black
soil)

• Production of super-fertile soils, discovered in
  the Amazon from ancient cultures, still highly
  fertile today
• Composed of biowaste, feacal matter, bones and
  charcoal
• Production through lactofermentation (start e.g.
  by EM or Sauerkraut-liquid) followed by
  vermicomposting

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• Four design options forTerra Preta Sanitation
• Siple bucket systems with separate urine
  collection
• Adapted urine diverted dry toilet
• 1st Class urine diverting dry toilet(to be
  developed)
• If the flush is needed urine diverting flush
  toilet, collect solids in an lacto-acid sieving
  unit

Terra Preta Sanitation was mainly inspired by
Dr. Haiko Pieplow, Ministry of the Environment,
Germany
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NO-COST-Sanitation can be highly efficient and
feasible with some change of habits
1.) Teach users of pit-toilets to divert urine in
any way, after learning about fertilising value
many people with some space will do this very
dense population urine collection and
usage should be organised then no urine, no
water into pit, add some charcoal and
lacto-acid-bacteria (like in lacto-sauerkraut, pi
ckled foods)2.) Same procedure, but instead of
normal pit do 2 alternate shallow pit, put
worms into idle pit3.) Use simple bucket system
with a lid that closes air-thight otherwise like
above
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Pippinette
First step Keep Urine separate opt 1.) to 3.)
The most simple approach, personal
collector,female / male version
Norway
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• Urine collection,male version like in hospitals

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Second step Feacal matter collection opt. 3.)
Dry toilet shop, Hamburgwww.bergerbiotechnik.de
Terra preta / EM-Shopwww.triaterra.de
Example Mobile-toilet toa-standardwith a
closing lid for the bucketafter usage cover
with ½ cup of a mixture of2,5 kg ground
charcoal, 1 kg dolomite-lime, 1100 EM Aor
leachate of lacto-acid-fermented sauerkraut
(pickled), some stone-dust
operation ok when smell is ok leave
lactofermenting for minimum 3 weeks to some
month, then vermicomposting in aerobic
composter, Process is simple and robust,
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A good starting pointfor a luxury version
Separett Villa, Sweden
Cover lid
Cild seat
Terra preata toilets need to close the bucket
air-tight after usage,no ventilation needed
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(EcoSan Res/ A. Rosemarin 2005)
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Breakthrough in solids treatment at TUHH(BMBF /
IPSWaT)
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Integrated urban bio-systems
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Win-Win-Win-Situation

• Sanitaiton makes soil
• Soil makes fuel and food
• Watering with underground pipes is greywater
  treatment
• Operation and gardening creates local jobs
• Better health, less violence through good
  nutrition
• House design follows requirements, beautiful
  homes, good climate

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• Zentrale der Commerzbank, Deutschland, Frankfurt
  am Main, 1994-1997"Wie kann man Arbeit und Natur
  in den Grenzen eines Bürogebäudes miteinander in
  Einklang bringen?" fragt Foster.
• http//www.architektur.tu-darmstadt.de/powerhouse/
  db/248,id_21,s_Papers.fb15

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Reuse through productive bamboo systemslocal
regenerative energy, cost recovery throughcarbon
trading and charcoal around 10m²/Person,feed
only once a day, distribute well
www.tuhh.de/aww
PHYTOREM,France
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Sorting-Toilet(Gustavsberg, Sweden)
Waterless Urinal(Keramag)
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Wasserfreie Urinsammlung ist inzwischen in
Urinalen relativ problemlos möglich (Fa. Keramag)
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Rottebehälter /Pre-composting tanc2 filterbags
usedfor 6 month alternatelythen
vermicompostingwith biowaste andslice-shred
wood (optional)
From Dr. Haiko Pieplow, Ministry of the
Environment, Germany
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• Empty bags all 6 month(3-month intervals or even
  1 month can be tested)
• Compost bag contents with vermi-composting,
  optional addition of biowaste and
  slice-cut-woodchipLimited amounts of urine can
  be added according ot CN ratio

From Dr. Haiko Pieplow, Ministry of the
Environment, Germany
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• Conclusions
• The pathways for modern dry sanitation where
  found in ancient civilisations
• A very simple model can serve people who care for
  virtually no costs
• Luxury dry toilet models for littel money are
  feasible
• Added value trough less water consumption,
  fertile soil, local gardening options

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Thank you for your effortstowards a better
future! and for listening further info on
www.tuhh.de/awwIWA SG www.ecosan.org
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Old Amazonian cultures

• All they left was highly fertile soil and
  beautiful earthware
• They could produce food with a very low footprint
• 3-storey agriculture (trees, scrub, ground)
• They gave us a key element for the future of our
  societiesurban and peri-urban agriculture can
  be combined with biowaste utilisation and
  sanitation