Energy Resources

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Energy Resources

• By
• Vaibhavi Apte

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Energy Resources A natural resource that can
be converted by humans into forms of energy in
order to do useful work!
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Evaluating Energy Resources

• About three-quarters of the worlds commercial
  energy comes from nonrenewable fossil fuels, and
  the rest comes from nonrenewable nuclear fuel and
  renewable sources.
• Energy resources are classified as
• NONRENEWABLE
• RENEWABLE

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Non Renewable Energy

• These are energy resources that cannot be
  replaced after they have been used or need
  thousands to millions of years to be replaced.

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Coal, Petroleum, And Natural Gas

• Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered
  nonrenewable because they can not be replenished
  in a short period of time. These are called
  fossil fuels.

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How Are Oil And Gas Made ???
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How Is Coal Made ???
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Coal facts.

• Was formed 255-350 million years ago
• 4 types of coal Anthracite ,Bituminous ,Lignite
  ,Peat
• India has high coal deposits in Bokaro, Jharia,
  Raniganj, Singrauli, Godavari Valley, Chandrapur.
  
• Coal Is in abundance But Dirty Fuel
• Used in electricity production
• Worlds most abundant fossil fuel
• U.S. reserves should last about 250 years
• Sulfur and particulate pollutants ,Mercury and
  radioactive pollutants

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• Heat produced by burning pulverized coal in a
  furnace boils water to produce steam that spins a
  turbine to produce electricity.
• The steam is cooled, condensed, and returned to
  the boiler for reuse.
• Waste heat can be transferred to the atmosphere
  or to a nearby source of water.
• The largest coal-burning power plant in the
  United States, located in Indiana, burns three
  100-car trainloads of coal per day

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Petroleum or Crude Oil

• Also called light oil
• Trapped underground or under ocean with natural
  gas
• Crude oil is the single largest source of
  commercial energy in world and U.S.
• Proven oil reserves
• Can be extracted profitably at todays prices
  with modern technology
• Its a mixture of
• hydrocarbons needs
• to be purified and
• refined before use

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Natural gas

• Natural Gas Is a Useful and Clean-burning Fossil
  Fuel
• Compressed natural gas
• Synthetic natural gas
• Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
• Less carbon dioxide emitted per unit of energy
  than with crude oil, tar sand, shale oil
• World supply of conventional natural gas 62-125
  years

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Nuclear Energy

• Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy.
• Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because
  once the uranium is used, it is gone!

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NUCLEAR FISSION AND NUCLEAR FUSION
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Facts

• Tremendous potential
• Disaster if leakage happens
• Energy potential high but not highly exploited in
  India
• 4 plants currently Capacity 2005 MW
• Tarapur
• Kota
• Kalpakkam
• Narora

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Renewable Energy

• Renewable resources are natural resources that
  can be replenished in a short period of time.
• Solar
• Geothermal
• Wind
• Biomass
• Hydro-power
• Tidal energy

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Solar Energy

• Sustainability mostly depends on solar
  energyDirect form from the sun
• Nuclear fusion reactions occur inside the sun and
  release tremendous energy
• 1.4 kilojoules second/m2

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Solar devices

• Solar heat collectors
• Solar cells
• Solar cooker
• Solar water heater
• Solar furnace and Solar power plants

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Using Solar Energy to Heat Buildings and Water

• Passive solar heating system
• Active solar heating system

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Photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells can provide
electricity for a house or building using solar
cell roof shingles, as shown in this house in
Richmond Surrey, England. Solar-cell roof systems
that look like a metal roof are also available.
In addition, new thin-film solar cells can be
applied to windows and outside walls.
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Wind Energy

• Freely available source of energy
• Minimum wind speed required 15 km/hr
• Worlds second fastest-growing source of energy
• Indias Potential is
• 20,000 MW
• Vast potential
• Land
• Offshore

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Hydro Power Producing Electricity from Flowing
Water
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Facts..

• Hydropower
• Leading renewable energy source
• Much unused capacity
• Dams and reservoirs
• Turbines generate electricity
• Eventually fill with silt
• Micro-hydro generators
• Potential of India 4 X 10 11KW-hours

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Geothermal Energy

• Energy by Tapping the Earths Internal Heat
• Geothermal heat pumps
• Hydrothermal reservoirs
• Steam
• Hot water
• Deep geothermal energy
• New Zealand, U.S.A have successful working plants

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Tidal Energy

• Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form
  of hydropower that converts the energy of tides
  into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.
• Although not yet widely used, tidal power has
  potential for future electricity generation.
• Tidal stream generators (or TSGs) make use of the
  kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines,
  in a similar way to wind turbines that use wind
  to power turbines.

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Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy
in the difference in height (or head) between
high and low tides. Barrages are essentially dams
across the full width of a tidal estuary.
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Ocean Thermal Energy
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Biomass Energy

• Biomass
• Wood
• Agricultural waste
• Plantations
• Charcoal
• Animal manure
• Common in developing countries
• Carbon dioxide increase in atmosphere

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Converting Plant Matter to Liquid Biofuel

• Biofuels
• Ethanol and biodiesel
• Crops can be grown in most countries
• Sustainability

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Liquid fuel from Corn
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Biogas

• Mixture of Methane, Carbon dioxide, hydrogen etc
• Produced by anaerobic degradation of animal waste
  in presence of water
• Non polluting, clean and low cost fuel
• Two types of biogas plants
• Floating dome type
• Fixed dome type

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Process
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Types of Biogas Plant
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Installed float type
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Hydrogen as Fuel

• Hydrogen is environmentally friendly
• Thermal dissociation, photolysis or electrolysis
  of water
• Problems
• Net energy yield is negative
• Fuel is expensive
• Air pollution depends on production method
• Storage

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• A Fact

Recycling just one aluminum can saves enough
energy to run a television set for four hours!
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REDUCE , REUSE, RECYCLE
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Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future?
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Solutions

• Decentralized power system in which electricity
  is produced by a large number of dispersed,
  small-scale micropower systems.
• Some would produce power on site others would
  feed the power they produce into a modern
  electrical distribution system.
• Over the next few decades, many energy and
  financial analysts expect a shift to this type of
  power system, largely based on locally available
  renewable energy resources.

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THANK YOU