NAME: STATUS AND PLANS

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NAME STATUS AND PLANS
4th NAME Science Working Group Meeting January
9-10, 2003 NAME Homepage http//www.joss.ucar.ed
u/name
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OUTLINE

• OVERVIEW
• What is NAME?
• Balance of Activities (CLIVAR GEWEX)
• Timeline
• STATUS AND ISSUES
• NAME Project Structure
• NAME Modeling and Diagnostic Studies
• NAME Field Campaign

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WHAT IS NAME?

• NAME is an internationally coordinated, joint
  CLIVAR GEWEX process study aimed at determining
  the sources and limits of predictability of warm
  season precipitation over North America.

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NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON EXPERIMENT (NAME)
HYPOTHESIS The NAMS provides a physical basis for
determining the degree of predictability of warm
season precipitation over the region.
Topographic and Sea-Land Influence

• OBJECTIVES
• Better understanding and
• simulation of
• warm season convective
• processes in complex terrain
• (TIER I)
• intraseasonal variability of
• the monsoon (TIER II)
• response of warm season
• circulation and precipitation
• to slowly varying boundary
• conditions (SST, soil
• moisture) (TIER III)
• monsoon evolution and
• variability (TIER I, II, III).

Intraseasonal Variability
Boundary Forcing?
YEAR (2000) 00 01 02 03 04 05
06 07 08 Planning -------------- Preparat
ions -------------- Data
Collection - - -
---------------- Principal Research
---------------------------------- Data
Management ----------------------
-------------------
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NAME IMPLEMENTATION

• Empirical and modeling studies that carry forward
  the joint PACS/GAPP Warm Season Precipitation
  Initiative (2000 onward), and initiate new
  elements.
• NAME Field Campaign (JJAS 2004) including
  build-up, field, analysis and modeling phases.

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NAME STATUS

• March 2000 NAME is endorsed by the WCRP/CLIVAR
  Variability of the American Monsoons (VAMOS)
  Panel as the North American Implementation of
  VAMOS.
• June 2001 The US CLIVAR Pan American Panel
  formally recommended that US CLIVAR join with US
  GEWEX/GAPP and VAMOS to implement NAME as a warm
  season process study of the North American
  Monsoon.
• May 2002 NAME is included in the GEWEX/GAPP
  Science and Implementation plan, with emphasis on
  topographic influences on precipitation,
  hydrology and water resources, and land-surface
  memory processes.
• July 2002 NAME is presented to the US CLIVAR
  SSC, which unanimously endorsed NAME as a US
  CLIVAR activity and a Process Study under the
  PanAm Panel.

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US CLIVAR PAN AMERICAN PROCESS STUDY TIMELINES
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NAME RESPONSE TO SSC9 CONCERNS

• Land Surface Processes
• Soil Moisture Field Campaign (NASA Terrestrial
  Hydrology Program)
• NAME Hydrometeorology Working Group (quarterly
  newsletter)
• Modeling
• NAME modeling-observations team
• NAMAP
• NAME 2004 Field Campaign
• Tier 1 Observations
• Event logging gauge network (phases 1 and 2
  installed)
• NSF Overview Document (windprofiler/radar/soundi
  ng network) submitted
• Ocean Processes
• NOAA Research Vessel Ron Brown / UNAM (PUMA)
• 2 Buoys in Central GOC
• NAME Roadshow
• Other Monsoons
• NAME-CEOP linkage

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NAME MEETINGS

• NAME SWG-1 Meeting, IRI, Palisades NY (Oct. 2000)
• NAME SWG-2 Meeting, SIO, La Jolla, CA (Oct.
  2001)
• NAME Workshop at VPM5, San Jose, Costa Rica (Mar.
  2002)
• NAME SWG-3 Meeting, GMU, Fairfax, VA (Oct. 2002)
• NAME SWG-4 Meeting, Boulder, CO (Jan. 2003)
• NAME Modeling, Data Assimilation and
  Predictability Workshop, Greenbelt, MD (Mar.
  2003)
• Ocean Component of NAME Workshop (NW Mexico,
  Spring 2003)
• NAME Tier 1 Observations

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GEWEX / GAPP Components
Hydrometerology Orographic Systems
Predictability in Monsoonal Systems
Predictability in Land Surface Processes
Integration of Predictability
Into Prediction Systems
CEOP Data and Studies for Model Development
Testing of Models in Special Climate
Regimes
Use of Predictions for Water Resource Management
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NAME IMPLEMENTATION PRIORITIES

• ISSUE
• Significant progress has been made in developing
  implementation plans for NAME. However, the
  overall level of agency support is uncertain, and
  the relative roles of CLIVAR and GEWEX in NAME
  must be clarified.
• QUESTIONS
• What are the implications of the delay in the
  upcoming NAME solicitation?
• (e.g. March 2003 proposals and November 2003
  starts)?
• What are the needs of each PI in order to have
  sufficient time to prepare for NAME 2004?
• Are we addressing CLIVAR / GEWEX scientific
  interests in NAME?
• How do we develop a strategy for entraining NSF,
  NASA and DOE PIs in
• NAME?

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NAME PROJECT STRUCTURE

• 3-Pronged
• NAME Science Working Group (Science Focus)
• VAMOS / NAME Project Office (Field
  Implementation, Data Management, Logistics)
• NAME Forecast Operations Center
• NAME Program Management

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NAME SCIENCE WORKING GROUP

• NAME science is managed by a SWG that has been
  approved by the CLIVAR/VAMOS and CLIVAR Pan
  American panels in consultation with U.S. GEWEX.
• The SWG develops and leads research to achieve
  NAME objectives
• The NAME SWG members
• Jorge Amador, Univ. of Costa Rica Rene Lobato,
  IMTA, Mexico
• Hugo Berbery, UMD Jose Meitin, NSSL
• Rit Carbone, NCAR Chet Ropelewski, IRI
• Miguel Cortez, SMN Jae Schemm, CPC
• Art Douglas, Creighton Univ. Siegfried
  Schubert, NASA
• Michael Douglas, NSSL Jim Shuttleworth, UAZ
• Dave Gutzler, UNM Dave Stensrud, NSSL
• Wayne Higgins, CPC (Chair) Chidong Zhang,
  RSMAS

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http//www.joss.ucar.edu/name
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Leaders E. Pytlak (NWS) M. Cortez (SMN)
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Leaders E. Pytlak (NWS) M. Cortez (SMN)
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NAME COORDINATION

• ISSUE
• The NAME Project structure is 3-pronged (SWG,
  NAME Project Office, Agencies). Interactions
  between each component of NAME must be improved.
  Linkages to operational meteorology in the U.S.
  and Mexico, and to the broader community need to
  be identified and developed.
• QUESTIONS
• Is the SWG engaging the NAME Project Office and
  vice-versa?
• What does the SWG want the Forecast Operations
  Center to do during NAME
• 2004 and beyond?
• ACTIONS
• Draft NAME 2004 Timeline
• Draft NAME Data Management Plan

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NAME AND MEXICOS PARTICIPATION

• ISSUE
• NAME would like to encourage Mexican
  participation beyond that during
• SWAMP-90 and SWAMP/EMVER-93.
• QUESTIONS
• How do we increase the circle of influence
  in Mexico beyond those already
• involved in NAME (e.g. operational
  meteorologists with the Air Force, Navy,
• Electricity Commission, PEMEX, and Civil
  Aviation)?
• What can NAME do that Mexico will sustain
  after the field phase?
• ACTIONS
• Organize team and develop strawman for NAME
  Roadshow

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NAME MODELING AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

• GOALS
• Provide guidance on needs and priorities for
  NAME 2004 field observations.
• Identify sustained observational requirements
  for climate models.
• Identify additional process studies necessary
  to reduce uncertainties in climate models.

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NORTH AMERICAN MONSOON ASSESSMENT PROJECT (NAMAP)

• STRATEGY
• NAMAP Phase I (D. Gutzler, Chair)
• Document ability of models (GCMs RMMs) to
  simulate NAMS (JJAS 1990).
• Protocols (domain, boundary conditions, output
  format, simulated variables) defined by the
  modeling community during 2001.
• Hosted by the NAME Project Office at UCAR/JOSS
  http//www.joss.ucar.edu/name/namip
• NAMAP is currently unfunded and voluntary.
  Current Participants
• Liang (MM5, WRF) Schemm (NCEP
  MRF)
• Mo (RSM) Schubert (NASA NSIPP)
• Mitchell / Yang (ETA) Liz Ritchie / Dave Gutzler
  (MM5)
• Kanamitsu (ECPC/RSM) Peter Fawcett
• Fox Rabinovitz (NASA Hybrid)
• Hahmann (MM5)
• Castro / Pielke (RAMS)
• Results are in progress.

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NAME MODELING-OBS WORKSHOP

• GOAL
• Refine specific research objectives and plans /
  priorities of the team.
• QUESTIONS
• PROGRAMMATIC
• How can the teams best contribute to NAME 2004
  planning efforts?
• How can the team leverage off of existing
  modeling, data assimilation and predictability
  activities?
• SCIENTIFIC
• What are the land processes that should guide the
  modeling approach?
• How sensitive is lateral forcing of the North
  American monsoon by the Eastern Pacific ITCZ?
• How will cloud resolving models help with the
  large-scale environment that is critical for
  promoting convection?

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• NAME MODELING-OBS TEAM ltemphasisgt
• Develop the research strategy consistent with
  NAME Objectives ltdiurnal cycle of convection in
  complex coastal terraingt
• Define how the team will complement on-going
  modeling
• regional mesoscale models ltexplicit convection,
  mesoscale observations of surges, etc.gt
• global models ltmean diurnal cyclegt
• Contribute to NAME needs for weather/climate
  prediction  ltparameterization of convection,
  cloud-radiation interaction, effects of terraingt

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Regional Analysis and Data Impact and Prediction
Experiments in support of NAME

• Kingtse Mo (CPC), Wayne Higgins (CPC), Fedor
  Mesinger (UCAR/EMC),
• Hugo Berbery (UMD) and Ken Mitchell (EMC)

• OBJECTIVES
• To provide real time monitoring of NA regional
  climate with a focus on the hydrologic cycle
  during and after the NAME field campaign
• Technology transfer of RR and RCDAS to CPC/NCEP
• 2) To perform global and regional data
  assimilation with/without NAME data
• Global CDAS II with and without NAME Data
• Regional RCDAS with and without the NAME data
• To perform forecast experiments highlighting NAME
  data impact
• Global NCEP GFS out to day 45 from CDAS II with
  / without NAME Data
• Regional Short range forecasts (SREF) with /
  without the NAME data
• GOALS To improve precipitation forecasts at
  diurnal/daily time scales (e.g. QPF) to improve
  climate forecasts of droughts / floods.

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IMPROVING THE NCEP-NAME LINKAGE

• Linkage to operational meteorology / NCEP Centers
• Involve operational (NWS) meteorologists (NAME
  SWG NAME FO)
• NAME-related exchange visits between NWS and SMN
• Postdocs from Mexican SMN at NCEP during NAME
  2004, to work with HPC forecasters and EMC data
  assimilation experts
• Involve EMC personnel (e.g. physical
  parameterization experts) in NAME Modeling-Obs
  Teams (specific needs in GFS, ETA).
• (2) Quantifyable Goals
• Develop year-by-year performance metrics that are
  directly relevant to NCEP Centers (HPC, CPC).
• Need for different types of metrics
• NAME 2004 Field Experiment
• NAME Modeling - Improved warm season
  precipitation prediction
• - Short term goal diurnal/daily timescales
  (e.g. QPF)
• - Long term goal monthly/seasonal time scales
  (e.g. RPSS)

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SUMMARY OF NAME MODELING AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Activity Focus Status PIs
Model-Obs Team diurnal cycle Schubert/Moncrief
NAMAP 1990 monsoon In progress unfunded Gutzler
Subseasonal Variability Model uncertainties To be proposed NASA Schubert
Regional CDAS and NAME Data Impact NAME data assimilation Forecast experiment To be proposed - OGP Mo / Higgins / Berbery
Vegetation modeling Vegetation impact on prediction Funded - OGP Shuttleworth/Liu
Moisture budget of IAS Moisture sources for the GP Funded - OGP Zhang/Albrecht/Enfield
Moisture budget of Tiers 1-3 Moisture surges in the Gulf of California Funded - OGP Higgins/Yang
Daily precipitation analysis (US_Mexico) Real-time monitoring Funded - OGP Higgins/Shi
Diurnal cycle and Precipitation Linkage to TRMM/GPM Funded - OGP Arkin/Xie
Hydrologic predictability LDAS in Tiers 1 2 Role of land surface Funded - OGP Lettenmaier/Cavasos
Surface runoff Structures of precipitation Funded - OGP Shuttleworth/Gochis
blue funded before SWG-3 red funded since SWG-3
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NAME FIELD CAMPAIGN
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SUMMARY OF NAME FIELD CAMPAIGN OBSERVATIONS
Platform / Data Plan Status Contact
Raingauges (event) See map Funded - OGP Shuttleworth/Watts
Raingauges (simple) See map To be proposed - OGP Lobato/Higgins
Radiosondes (Mexico) See map To be proposed - OGP A.Douglas/Cortez
PIBALS/radiosondes See map To be proposed - OGP M.Douglas
Wind profile/radar/ sounding See map To be proposed OGP/NSF/NASA Carbone / Johnson / Moncrieff et al.
Ron Brown (atm) See map To be proposed - OGP Fairall et al.
Ron Brown (ocean), buoy Upper-ocean structures To be proposed Paulson
Puma To be proposed Magaña
ASIS buoy Surface waves and fluxes To be proposed Ocampo-Torres
Aircraft (NOAA P-3) See map To be proposed - OGP M. Douglas/Cotton/ Jorgenson
Hydrometeorology (Mexico, AZ) Integrated hydrological network To be proposed Gochis et al.
Soil moisture sensors Aircraft (NASA DC-10) Remote sensing validation To be proposed - NASA Lettenmaier/Jackson/ Shuttleworth
Vegetation To be proposed M.Douglas/Watts
Lightning network See map To be proposed - NSF Peterson
GPS humidity See map To be proposed Hahmann
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NAME Field Campaign Observations

1. Need repeat of previous table, but with estimated
   costs and priority (from SWG) for Mike

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NAME Tier-1 Objectives

1. How are low-level circulations along the Gulf of
   California / west slopes of the Sierra Madre
   Occidental related to the diurnal cycle of
   moisture and convection? (low-level circulation)
2. What is the relationship between moisture
   transport and rainfall variability (e.g. forcing
   of surge events onset of monsoon details)?
   (moisture transport)
3. What is the typical life cycle of diurnal
   convective rainfall? Where along the western
   slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental is
   convective development preferred? (diurnal cycle)
4. What are the dominant sources of precipitable
   moisture for monsoon precipitation over
   southwestern North America? (moisture sources)
5. What are the fluxes of energy and water from the
   land surface to the atmosphere across the core
   monsoon region, and how do these fluxes evolve in
   time during the warm season? (land surface)

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Tier 1 Objective Project
1. low-level circulation PIBALS (M.Douglas) Upper-air soundings (A.Douglas) radar/wind profiler (Carbone) Ron Brown (Fairall), Puma (Magana)
2. Moisture transport GOC moisture budget (Higgins) sounding networks (M.Douglas/A.Douglas/Carbone) NOAA P-3 (M.Douglas Cotton/Jorgensen) GPS (Hahmann)
3. diurnal cycle satellite rainfall estimate (Arkin) raingauges event logging(Shuttleworth) sounding/radar/profiler/lightning network (Carbone/Douglas/Peterson)
4. moisture sources GOC moisture budget (Higgins) sounding network (M.Douglas/A.Douglas/Carbone) buoys (Ocampo-Torres/Paulson) land surface flux?
5. land surface surface runoff / streamflow(Shuttleworth) vegetation (Shuttleworth/M.Douglas) soil moisture (Lettenmaier/Jackson/Shuttleworth)
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PIBAL SUPPLEMENT AND REASONS
Douglas et al. (2003)
Precise configuration depends on wind profiler /
radar / sounding network that the PIBALS will
support.
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UPPER-AIR SOUNDING NETWORK
In Operation
After 2003

• Maintenance of the upper-air sounding network
  (2002)
• Operate twice-daily observations (May-Nov) in 8
  sites (2002)
• Operate all once-daily observation sites at 12
  UTC (2002)
• Observers training (2002)

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Proposed Location of the R/V Ron Brown During
NAME IOP

• Addressing NAME Tier-1 Science
• Surge origins
• Sources of moisture and transports
• Precipitation statistics including diurnal cycle
• Structure of southern end of GC LLJ
• Surge coupling to easterly waves
• Surface fluxes/Ocean coupling

Figures adapted from Fuller and Stensrud (MWR,
2000) and Brenner (MWR, 1974)
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REQUEST FOR THE NOAA P-3 (M. Douglas, PI)

• Objective To measure moisture influx into the
  NAME tier 1, esp from southern GOC.
•  
• Technique Repeatable tracks to provide
  comparisons with in-situ data ship and
  ground-based, model-based analyses and
  climatology. Frequent profiles (every 5-6
  minutes) between 100m ASL and 1.5-2 km ASL
  50-60 soundings per flight. Unprecedented
  spatial resolution across the inflow region at
  low levels.
• Number of flights 10 flights / 7.5h per
  flight.
• Flights need not be flown in sequence.
• Same time each day to avoid complications
• due to diurnal cycle.
• List of flights
• 2 enhanced flux flights,
• 2 suppresed flux flights,
• 6 "normal" flux flights,
• 2 Gulf section flights

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PHASE 2 Enhancements 03
PH 1 Event Raingage
Isotope Collector
PH 2 Event Raingage
SMN Automatic Met Station
Proposed Radar Site
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NAME Simple Raingauge Network

• The network is sparse in large portions of the
  core and peripheral monsoon regions
• NAME will install 1600 gauges in these regions
  as a cooperative network to improve monitoring,
  prediction and assessments.

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MOISTURE BUDGET OF THE INTRA AMERICAS SEA
Radiosonde
NCDC Buoys
PACS SONET
Zhang et al 2001

• Estimates of the moisture budget of the IAS
  region are in progress using this network.
• These estimates will be combined with estimates
  over the core (and peripheral) monsoon regions
  (based on a new network of in situ soundings) to
  quantify the Q flux-precipitation relationship
  over the entire region (inc. U.S.).

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Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Field Experiment in
NAME
Field Campaign Elements

• Temporary in-situ soil moisture networks
• Aircraft and satellite mapping
• Intensive sampling concurrent with aircraft
  mission

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Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Field Experiment in
NAME
Temporary in situ soil moisture network

• Modeled after the current AMSR Cal/Val project,
  which involves
• four watersheds (150-650 km2), with existing data
  collection infrastructure, including Walnut Gulch
• observing 5-cm soil moisture and temperature at
  all sites with the Vitel Hydraprobe
• Establish a new site in Mexico using these
  principles

Walnut Gulch Soil Moisture Sites
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Aircraft and satellite mapping
Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Field Experiment in
NAME

• NASA P-3B should be available July 15 August
  15, 2004
• Satellite sensors AMSR and TMI
• Aircraft sensors 2DSTAR (L band next generation
  ESTAR)
• PSR or AESMIR (AMSR simulators)
• Aircraft Mission
• 15 flight dates
• 5 hours per day
• 50x100 km areas
• Walnut Gulch
• Mexican site
• 4 flightlines

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Intensive sampling concurrent with an aircraft
mission
Soil Moisture Remote Sensing Field Experiment in
NAME

• Purpose to calibrate the in situ sensor network
  and to fill in the spatial domain
• Requirements
• two teams (in Walnut Gulch and Mexico) with
  strong partnerships with local (Arizona and
  Mexican) institutions
• a sampling strategy similar to that developed for
  previous NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program field
  studies (e.g. SMEX02 and SMEX03)
• manual sampling using Thetaprobes with data
  loggers

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David J. Gochis Christopher J. Watts W. James
Shuttleworth Dennis Lettenmaier Tereza
Cavazos Jaime Garatuza-Payan Bart Nijssen
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GPS
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NAME 2004 FIELD CAMPAIGN

• QUESTIONS
• How should we coordinate proposals for NAME 2004?
  Are resources adequate to fulfill objectives?
• Has the reservation for the Ron Brown been made?
  What happens if the Ron Brown is not available?
  Are there other possible approaches (NAVY?
  Mexican research vessel? Chartered ship?)
• Has the reservation for the NOAA P-3 been made?
• Is there enough emphasis on measurements of
  multiple variables at one site
• (e.g. for getting the surface energy
  budget defined)? Where are the representative
  locations?
• What are the missing components in our network
  (surface flux, ocean, )?
• Are there needs for asset deployment on the U.S.
  side of the U.S.-Mexico border?
• ACTION ITEMS
• Plan for coordinating proposals
• Update budget for NAME observing system
• Draft Timeline and Data Management Plan for NAME
  2004

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NAME DELIVERABLES

• Coupled climate models capable of predicting
  North American monsoon variability months to
  seasons in advance
• Infrastructure to observe and monitor the North
  American monsoon system
• More comprehensive understanding of North
  American summer climate variability and
  predictability
• Contributions to the assessment of climate
  variability and long-term climate change in the
  North American monsoon region
• Strengthened multinational scientific
  collaboration across the Americas.

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PERFORMANCE METRICS(NAME 2004 Field Experiment)

•  
• Pre-Field Phase
• Development of contingency, back-up, and flexible
  observation strategies
• Development of an agreed field management and
  decision making structure to ensure
  implementation of flexible observation
  strategies
• of the instrument systems design completed N
  months before deployment (for each set of
  instruments, i.e. raingauges, radars, profilers,
  sondes)
• of the instrument systems laboratory tested or
  certified N months before deployment
• of the instrument systems in place and field
  tested in the NAME domain by some date before the
  start of the field phase.
• 2. Field Phase
• of successful observations by instrument
  system
• of time (days?) that all observational systems
  are up and working
• of observations recorded and sent to NAME
  archive.
• 3. Post-Field Phase
• of data received that is archived and
  documented
• of archived data available to NAME community by
  observational system
• Degree to which observations from various systems
  are available in compatible formats.

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PERFORMANCE METRICS(Forecast Skill Scores)

•  
• Develop milestones for new / improved warm
  season precipitation forecasts, separate from the
  NAME 2004 experiment.
• Develop new performance metrics tied to these
  forecasts
• - comparisons of basic monthly and seasonal
  means with observations
• - obs-vs-simulated frequency distribution of
  rainfall intensity
• - quality of ensemble predictions (forecast
  reliability freq of extreme events)
• - new products (NA forecasts NA drought
  monitor International Hazards)
• Develop quantitative future performance goals
  
• Explicitly tie these to performance measures in
  operational meteorology
• (e.g. NWS HPC and CPC).
• QPF (day 1, day 2, day 3)
• 6-10 day forecast skill (Heidke)
• monthly and seasonal forecast skill
• NAME SWG needs to develop a strategic plan for
  this. Workshop needed?

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PILOT BALLOON NETWORK OBJECTIVES
PIBAL SITE OBJECTIVE CLOUD PROBLEMS? UNDISTURBED BY TOPOG? CO-LOCATED WITH OTHER OBS PRIORITY
Needles, AZ Heat Low low yes no moderate
Ajo, AZ Heat Low/surge low so-so no lower
Phoenix, AZ Heat low low ok Raob (SRP) moderate
Mexicali, BC Heat low / surge low ok no moderate
Tucson, AZ Heat low low-moderate so-so Raob (NWS) lower
Hermosillo Heat low /surge low ok no moderate
Lordsburg, NM Heat low low so-so no moderate
Benjamin Hill Heat low/surge low so-so no moderate
P. Libertad Heat low/surge low ok no moderate
P. Penasco Fluxes/surge/heat low low ok yes high

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PILOT BALLOON NETWORK OBJECTIVES
PIBAL SITE OBJECTIVE CLOUD PROBLEMS? UNDISTURBED BY TOPOG? CO-LOCATED WITH OTHER OBS PRIORITY
Cd. Constitucion Q flux into GOC moderate yes no high
SJ del Cabo Q flux into GOC moderate ok no high
La Paz Q flux into GOC low ok Raob (SMN) moderate
Isla Socorro Q flux into GOC moderate ok Raob (SMN) high
Topolobampo Q flux into GOC/ surges moderate ok no high
Isla Maria Madre Q flux into GOC moderate so-so no high
B. Tortugas Synoptic gradient moderate-high so-so no high
Catavina Synoptic gradient low-moderate no moderate
Isla Guadalupe Synoptic gradient moderate-high no high
Isla Clarion Synoptic gradient moderate-high no high
Alpine, TX Synoptic gradient/ waves low-moderate no high
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PILOT BALLOON NETWORK OBJECTIVES
PIBAL SITE OBJECTIVE CLOUD PROBLEMS? UNDISTURBED BY TOPOG? CO-LOCATED WITH OTHER OBS PRIORITY
Torreon Synoptic gradient/ waves low-moderate Raob (SMN) high
Jimenez Synoptic gradient/ waves low-moderate no moderate
Ocampo Synoptic gradient/ waves low-moderate no moderate
Matahuala Synoptic gradient/ waves low-moderate no moderate
Zacatecas Synoptic gradient/ waves Moderate Raob (SMN) moderate
Durango Synoptic gradient/ waves Moderate no moderate
Acapulco Trop. Wave spec. Moderate Raob (SMN) moderate
Laz Cardenas Trop. Wave spec. Moderate no moderate
Chamela Land-sea breeze Moderate Raob (SMN)
Navajoa Land-sea breeze Low-Moderate no
Ouiriego Land-sea breeze Moderate no
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NAME 2004 FIELD CAMPAIGN

• ISSUES
• We need to develop a coherent implementation plan
  for the NAME 2004 observing network that meets
  NAMEs objectives for improved warm season
  precipitation prediction.
• While emphasis is on the core monsoon region,
  there must also be emphasis on data sparse
  regions in Mexico and surrounding oceans.
• Resources available to NAME must be sufficient to
  fill these data voids.
• It is a major challenge to maintain long-term
  observations (beyond NAME 2004) and to anticipate
  future needs.
• Future satellite missions relevant to NAME 2004
  are not assured (e.g. TRMM) and data collected
  now should be more effectively utilized.

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INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS

• SMN Meteorological Infrastructure
• 79 synoptic stations
• 16 radiosonde sites
• 60 automated weather stations (15 more in 2003)
• 12 radars (4 in northwestern Mexico)
• Historical and real-time data
• Working group during NAME (meteorologists,technici
  ans)
• Joint Forecast Office
• (2) Universities and Institutions in NW Mexico
• (Univ. of Vera Cruz, Univ. of Guadalajara,
  UNAM, IMTA, CICESE)
• Equipment, personnel, transportation, data
  collection, research
• (3) Central American Collaborative Interests
• Costa Rica-USA (CRUSA) Foundation supports
  bilateral projects

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NAME EDUCATION / TRAINING

• Exchange Program between U.S. NWS and Mexican SMN
• Central / South American desk at NCEP
• (2) Central American Training Course (M. Douglas)
• Training on climate, weather forecasting and
  observations
• Designing regional meteorological / climate
  services
• Workshop held in July 2001 attracted participants
  from 12 countries
• (3) NWS COMET Course on Climate Variability (W.
  Higgins)
• Available to Mexican / Central American
  participants in NAME
• (4) Central American Collaborative Interests (J.
  Amador)
• Costa Rica-USA (CRUSA) Foundation supports
  bilateral projects
• (5) Linkages to human dimensions / applications
  (A. Ray)

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ESTIMATED COSTS OF KEY ELEMENTS

• Planning
• NAME GCM-observations team 270K/yr
• NAME MM-observations team 270K/yr
• Enhanced Observations
• NAME EOP 4M ship research aircraft
• Research Phase
• Analysis 1M/yr
• Modeling 1M/yr

Does not include labor, pre-experiment costs
for networks, training, education and project
office task support, or post-experiment data
management activities.
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NAME FIELD CAMPAIGN OBSERVATIONS
Platform / Data Estimated Cost SWG Contact
Raingauges (simple) 340K (3 yrs) R. Lobato, W. Higgins

Radiosondes PIBALS / Tethersondes /Radiosondes 265K 130K / 5K 30K Douglas, M. Cortez, M. Douglas M. Douglas
Wind profiler / radar / sounding / ship 600K (Profilers), 800K (ISSs), 100K (Mex Rad) 500K (SPOL),TBD (RB) R. Carbone
Buoys ? F. Ocampo Torres
GPS humidity ? A. Hahmann
Lightning network 235K W. Petersen
Aircraft (NOAA P-3 Powersonde 75-100 hours (NOAA P-3) 105K M. Douglas, B. Smull
Hydrometeorology (Mexico, AZ) ? D. Gochis, J. Shuttleworth
Soil Moisture ? D. Lettenmaier, T. Jackson
4Maircraftshipother ?
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NAME SOUNDING NETWORK (Douglas et al.)

• OBJECTIVES
• - To describe the moisture flux into GOC on
  synoptic and seasonal time-scales
• To relate moisture flux variations (e.g. surges)
  to variations in precipitation.
• COMPONENTS (PURPOSE)
• - pibal sites (low-mid level winds diurnal
  windfield)
• - tethersondes (low-level moisture profiles at
  weak-wind locations up to 1.5 km)
• - radiosonde (limited, non-GPS)
• - powersonde (frequent over water soundings)
• Assumes Carbone et al. network as a given some
  redundancy needed
• PERIOD
• - 4 months (May 25th- September 25th)
•  
• LAUNCH FREQUENCY
• - 2x daily at all PIBAL sites (unless a
  radiosonde is made).
• - 4x daily (July - August) at12Z, 18Z, 00Z, and
  06Z.
• - 8x daily during IOP's (4_at_10 days)
•