Pulmonary Jeopardy

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Pulmonary Jeopardy
Mech
Vent
Flow
Blood
Lab
Misc.
Exch
Basics
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The lung volumes and capacities are measured
using spirometry. Which of the following
measured values is the sum of two volumes?

1. IRV
2. TV
3. FRC
4. RV

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In a constant temperature system, the pressure of
a gas is inversely proportional to the
volume A. Charles' Law B. Boyle's
Law C. Dalton's Law D. Henry's Law E. O'Leary's
Law
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What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the
atmosphere at sea level (barometric pressure
760 mm Hg) A. 600 mm Hg B. 160 mm Hg C. 0.3
mm Hg D. 47 mm Hg E. 0.0 mm Hg
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The volume of air that can be forcible exhaled
after a normal expiration is the A. extra
volume B. expiratory reserve volume C. expiratory
capacity D. expiratory super volume E. inspiratory
-expiratory volume
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During expiration, as the diaphragm relaxes the
pressure in the alveolus becomes? A. more
positive B. less positive C. more negative D.
equal to intrapleural pressure E.
subatmospheric
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In an individual suffering from pulmonary
fibrosis, the work of breathing is increased due
to A. an increase in surface tension. B. a
decrease in lung compliance. C. an increase in
airway resistance. D. an increase in chest wall
compliance. E. an increase in diaphragm
stiffness.
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Which of the following results in a shift of the
O2 dissociation curve to the left? A. a
decrease in pH. B. an increase in arterial
PCO2. C. a rise in temperature. D. exercise. E. an
increased pH.
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In a lung unit with an abnormally low
ventilation/perfusion ratio, it can be said that
the A. amount of perfusion exceeds the amount
of ventilation. B. amount of ventilation exceeds
the amount of perfusion. C. blood emerging from
the unit has a reduced PCO2. D. anatomic dead
space has decreased. E. physiological dead space
has decreased.
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A patient is having difficulty breathing. A
spirometric evaluation reveals a FVC that is 50
of predicted, a FEV1.0 that is 55 of predicted,
and a normal FEV1.0/FVC ratio. These
observations suggest that the patient has A. an
obstructive impairment. B. a restrictive
impairment. C. both an obstructive and a
restrictive impairment. D. a diffusive
impairment. E. both an obstructive and a
diffusive impairment.
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FRC is increased in individuals with emphysema,
because A. the decreased compliance of the
chest wall keeps the lungs at a higher
volume. B. the increased compliance of the lungs
allows the chest wall to move closer to its
resting position. C. the decrease in airway
resistance limits the volume of air that can be
exhaled during quiet breathing. D. the patient
breathes at a higher lung volume to overcome the
diffusion limitation produced by the
disease. E. hypoxic stimulation of the peripheral
chemoreceptors results in a reflex-mediated
increase in FRC.
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At end-inspiration, with an open glottis, the
alveolar pressure is A. less than atmospheric
pressure. B. less than pleural
pressure. C. equal to pleural pressure. D. equal
to atmospheric pressure. E. greater than
atmospheric pressure.
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Residual volume is the lung volume at which
the A. tendency for the lung to recoil inward
is exactly balanced by the tendency for the chest
wall to recoil outward. B. respiratory
musculature can cause no further movement of the
chest wall inward. C. lungs contain their
"absolute" volume. D. only remaining air in the
lung is that contained in the anatomic dead
space. E. chest wall is at its "resting position".
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The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is defined as
the A. volume of gas that can be exhaled after
a maximal inspiration. B. volume of gas that can
be maximally exhaled from functional residual
capacity. C. volume of gas in the lungs after a
maximal inspiration. D. volume of gas in a single
inspiration or expiration. E. volume of hot air
released during a single lecture.
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The blood emerging from a lung unit with an
abnormally low ventilation/perfusion ratio would
have a A. PO2 greater than 100 mmHg and a
PCO2 lower than 40 mmHg. B. PO2 equaling 100 mmHg
and a PCO2 equaling 40 mmHg. C. PO2 less than 100
mmHg and a PCO2 greater than 40 mmHg. D PO2 less
than 100 mmHg and a PCO2 less than 40 mmHg. E.
PO2 greater than 100 mmHg and a PCO2 greater than
40 mmHg.
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In an upright individual, blood flow to the base
of the lungs exceeds that to the apex
because A. basal blood vessels are
intrinsically larger than apical vessels and thus
have a reduced resistance to flow. B. enhanced
sympathetic nerve activity to the basal vessels
causes them to preferentially vasodilate. C.
valves in the pulmonary artery preferentially
direct blood to the basal portions of the
lungs. D. basal blood vessels are intrinsically
more compliant than apical vessels. E. the
hydrostatic pressure gradient distends basal
vessels more and thus lowers their resistance to
flow.
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Type II epithelial cells of the lungs produce a
chemical called surfactant. The presence of
surfactant A. prevents airway resistance from
increasing to exceedingly high values. B. decrease
s the muscular effort required to ventilate the
lungs. C. is responsible for the infant
respiratory distress syndrome. D. is responsible
for the fluid in prenatal lungs. E. causes small
alveoli to empty into large alveoli.
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The stimulus for hypoxic pulmonary
vasoconstriction is A. venous
hypoxemia. B. arterial hypoxemia. C. cerebral
hypoxia. D. alveolar hypoxia. E. tissue hypoxia.
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Airway resistance may be decreased
by A. deflating the lung. B. parasympathetic
stimulation. C. sympathetic stimulation. D. being
in a room full of smokers. E. Inhaling a marble
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At zero gravity, blood flow A. to the base of
the lung should exceed that to the
apex. B. throughout the lung should be
homogeneously distributed. C. in the lung will
not differ from that which occurs at normal
gravity. D to the ventral surface of the lung
will exceed that to the dorsal surface. E. to the
lung would completely stop
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An individual whose lungs have a large number of
lung units with abnormally high
ventilation/perfusion ratios would exhibit
a/an A. normal arterial PO2 of 100 mmHg but an
abnormally high arterial PCO2. B. reduced
arterial PO2. C. alveolar PO2 and PCO2
approximating those of mixed venous
blood. D. increase in physiological dead
space. E. Increase in heavy breathing
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During inspiration from functional residual
capacity, alveoli at the base of the lung expand
to a greater degree than alveoli at the apex,
because A. alveoli at the base are located on a
steeper portion of the compliance curve than
those at the apex. B. the forces of surface
tension prevent adequate expansion of alveoli in
the apex. C. dynamic compression of the airways
prevents alveoli in the apex from adequately
expanding. D. the accessory muscles of
inspiration do not become activated until very
high ventilatory volumes are reached.
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A patient arrives in the emergency room with a
right-sided pneumothorax caused by a knife wound
to the chest. You suture the wound, but a close
observation of the patient suggests that the
right lung is still collapsed. These
observations indicate that A. alveolar pressure
of the right lung has become negative. B. transmur
al pressure of the right lung was
positive. C. pleural pressure between the right
lung and chest wall was atmospheric. D. that the
patient stabbed himself.
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On a normal O2 dissociation curve and a curve
that has been shifted to the right . The
rightward shifted curve A. allows more O2 to be
unloaded from the blood for a given fall in
PO2. B. allows less O2 to be unloaded from the
blood for a given fall in PO2. C. allows a
greater degree of oxygen loading of the blood
within the lungs. D. reduces the amount of oxygen
that can be maximally carried by the
blood. E. may have resulted from a boring
lecture.
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An individual with anemia (blood hemoglobin
concentration of 6 g/dl) would have all of the
following, EXCEPT A. reduced total arterial
oxygen content. B. normal arterial dissolved
oxygen content. C. normal arterial PO2. D.
decreased oxyhemoglobin saturation. E. normal
oxyhemoglobin saturation.
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At a given PCO2, CO2 content is greater when
there is less O2 in the blood (Haldane effect),
because A. less HCO3- is produced, which allows
more CO2 to be carried in solution. B. the CO2
solubility coefficient is increased. C. plasma
proteins can form more carbamino compounds when
PO2 is reduced. D. deoxygenated Hb is a better
buffer of H ions.
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Alveolar pressure may exceed arterial pressure
in all of the following conditions
EXCEPT A. Hemorrhage B. Patients on positive
pressure ventilation C. Normal individual
playing a wind instrument D. Healthy woman
during normal inspiration
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Alveolar pressure of oxygen at sea level is
approximately A. 21 mmHg B. 45 mmHg C. 40
mmHg D. 100 mmHg
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• Pulmonary vascular resistance
• A. Falls when left atrial pressure increases
• Is maximum near the functional residual
  
• capacity
• C. Is very low during the fetal life
• D. Is decreased on sympathetic stimulation

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Please select the correct relationship Top
of the lung Bottom of the
lung A. Ventilation Higher Lower B.
Blood Flow Higher Lower C. V/Q Higher Lo
wer D. PO2 Lower Higher E. PCO2 Higher L
ower
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Select the FALSE statement regarding the
diffusion capacity for oxygen A. It is directly
proportional to the number of pulmonary
capillaries opened at a given time B. It is
inversely proportional to the thickness of the
alveolar-capillary membrane C. It is increased
during the exercise D. It is unaffected by
removal of part of the lung
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Transfer of CO into the blood is diffusion
limited because A. Partial pressure of CO
rises very high in the blood as it flows along
the pulmonary capillary B. CO chemically
combines with Hb at a very high rate, keeping
the pressure gradient at a high level C. CO
transports is not dependent on thickness of
alveolar-capillary membrane D. CO transport is
limited by the amount of blood flowing through
pulmonary capillaries
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Which of the following has the greatest effect on
the ability of blood to transport
oxygen A. Capacity of the blood to dissolve
oxygen B. pH of plasma C. CO2 content of red
blood cells D. Amount of hemoglobin in the
blood E. Temperature of the blood
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What is the difference in the arterial oxygen
content of an individual who is breathing room
air versus breathing 100oxygen A. Zero B. About
1.8ml C. About 5.4ml D. 10.2ml
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The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is
decreased by all of the following
EXCEPT A. Increased hydrogen ion
concentration B. Increased temperature C. Exerci
se D. Increased 2,3 DPG E. Decreased
temperature
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How is CO2 transported ? A A small portion of
CO2 (5) is transported in the dissolved state to
the lungs. B The dissolved CO2 reacts with water
to form carbonic acid. C Formation of carbamino
compounds with plasma proteins and
hemoglobin. D All of the above E None of the
above
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BOYLES law states A. In a constant temperature
system, pressure is inversely proportional to
volume. B. In a constant volume system, pressure
is directly proportional to the temperature. C.
In a constant temperature system, pressure is
directly proportional to volume. D. In a
constant volume system, pressure is inversely
proportional to the temperature.
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On the the summit of Mt. Everest, where the
barometric pressure is about 247mmHg, the partial
pressure of inspired oxygen is about? A. 1 mm
Hg B. 8 mm Hg C. 42 mm Hg D. 100 mm Hg
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The volume of air that could enter the lung after
a normal inspiration is the A. Tidal
volume B. Expiratory reserve volume C. Residual
volume D. Inspiratory reserve volume E. Dead
space volume
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During inspiration, as the diaphragm contracts,
the pressure in the pleural space
becomes? A. Equal to zero B. More
positive C. More negative D. Equal to the
pressure in the alveoli E. Equal to the pressure
in the atmosphere
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When a pneumothorax is induced, the chest
wall__________ and the lungs____ A. Collapses in,
Expands out B. Expands out, Collapses
in C. Both Remain where they were D. Both
collapse in
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• A lack of normal surfactant results in?
• A. An increased lung compliance
• B. Stabilization of alveolar volume
• C. An increased retractive force of the lungs
• A reduced alveolar-arterial oxygen tension
• difference
• E. A decrease in the filtration forces in the
  pulmonary capillary

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During the effort independent region of a forced
expiration, flow is limited by? A. Contraction
of expiratory muscles B. Inertia of chest
wall C. Transmural pressure becomes
zero D. Increased airway compliance E. Transmura
l pressure becomes positive
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A patient is being artificially ventilated during
surgery at a rate of 20 breaths/min and a tidal
volume of 250ml/breath. Assuming a normal
anatomical dead space of 150ml, the alveolar
ventilation in this patient is A.
1000ml/min B. 2000ml/min C. 3000ml/min D. 4000ml
/min E. 5000ml/min
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In which of the following conditions is alveolar
PO2 increased and alveolar PCO2
decreased A.Breathing air with low
PO2 B.Increased alveolar ventilation and
unchanged metabolism C.Decreased alveolar
ventilation and unchanged metabolism D.Increased
metabolism and unchanged alveolar ventilation
E.Proportional increase in metabolism and
alveolar ventilation
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In the upright position, ventilation per unit
lung volume is greater at the base of the lung
than at the apex because the base of the lung
A. Has more negative intrapleural pressure than
the apex at the start of inspiration B. Is less
expanded than the the apex C. Has lower
compliance than the apex D. Has more
intrapulmonary-intrapleural pressure difference
than the apex at the start of inspiration
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BOYLES law states A. In a constant temperature
system, pressure is inversely proportional to
volume. B. In a constant volume system, pressure
is directly proportional to the temperature. C.
In a constant temperature system, pressure is
directly proportional to volume. D. In a
constant volume system, pressure is inversely
proportional to the temperature.
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Daily Double
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Daily Double
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Daily Double
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Final Jeopardy
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With a typical resting oxygen consumption of
250ml/min, what must Cardiac output be for
survival, if the blood had no hemoglobin??
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V02 CO X a-v02
250ml/min CO X 0.3 ml02/dl blood
250ml/min 3ml/L
83L/min