THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE

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Horney (1885-1952) Part 2
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Neurotic trends

• (in contrast to normal needs)
• disproportionate in intensity
• indiscriminant in application
• everyone must love me I must be better than
  everyone etc.
• disregard for reality
• intense anxiety if not satisfied

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Self

• Healthy
• Real self ? self-realization (full potential)
• Unhealthy
• Idealized self ? neurosis
• Tyranny of the shoulds
• ALIENATION FROM THE REAL SELF

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Externalization (self-obliteration)

• everything happens outside of self, and only
  changes outside of self will fix things
• external factors maintain idealized self
• externalization of rage
• Anger turned against others (instead of self)
• Fear that persons faults will be intolerable to
  others (anger at self)
• Body disorders (anger at self)

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control (no emotion)
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• Elusiveness (no decision)
• cynicism

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SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES

• blind spots
• compartmentalizing
• rationalization
• excessive self-control
• arbitrary rightness
• elusiveness
• Cynicism (so not disappointed)

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Goals of Therapy

• Self-realization
• Being productive, truthful, and cooperative with
  others
• Prevent externalization
• In touch with real self
• Healthy characteristics
• Responsibility
• Inner independence
• Spontaneity of feeling
• Wholeheartedness

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Feminine psychology

• Penis envy
• womb envy

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Horney vs. Freud

• Early childhood
• Unconscious motivation
• Biological motivation (environment more important
  than anatomy)
• Optimistic, not pessimistic
• Therapy (self-analysis)
• Prognosis for change

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Critique

• Criticisms
• Unoriginal ideas
• Little empirical support
• Disregard of healthy people
• Contributions
• Original ideas
• Self-analysis
• Feminine psychology

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• Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

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The Epigenetic Principle

• "anything that grows has a ground plan

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psychosocial

• Personality affected by both
• Biology
• Culture
• Importance of the ego
• life span approach

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General Sequence of Stages
Ego Strengthened or weakened
Ritualization

• Crisis
• immature
• critical
• resolution

Genetics
Virtue
Ritualism
8 of these
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Stage 1 Trust versus Mistrust
Age 0-1 Value Hope
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Stage 1

• Ritualization
• Numinous cultural ways mother and child
  interact
• Ritualism
• Idolism excessive admiration instead of warm
  feeling to others

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Stage 2 Autonomy versus Shame, Doubt
Age 1-3 Value Will
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Stage 2

• Ritualization
• Judiciousness learning right from wrong
• Ritualism
• Legalism preoccupation with rules instead of
  reason for rules

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Stage 3 Initiative versus Guilt(imagination
vs. limits)
Age 4-5 Value Purpose
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Stage 3

• Ritualization
• Authenticity role playing
• Ritualism
• Impersonation confusing playing a role with
  real personality

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Stage 4 Industry versus Inferiority
Age 6-11 Value Competence
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As in Adlers inferiority complex? Wow!
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Stage 4

• Ritualization
• Formality learning how things work in ones
  culture
• Ritualism
• Formalism preoccupation with work, no interest
  in why things work

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Stage 5 Identity versus Identity Confusion
Age 12-20 Value Fidelity

• moratorium
• identity crisis
• role confusion
• negative identity

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Stage 5

• Ritualization
• Ideology embracing a philosophy of life
• Ritualism
• Totalism embrace simplistic ideas of heroes

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Stage 6 Intimacy versus Isolation
Age 20-24 Value Love
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Stage 6

• Ritualization
• Affiliation intimate relationship
• Ritualism
• Elitism superficial relationships w/ a small
  group of people

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Stage 7 Generativity versus Stagnation
Age 25-64 Value Care
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Stage 7

• Ritualization
• Generationalism transmit cultural values to
  next generation
• Ritualism
• Authoritism using power for selfish gains

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Stage 8 Integrity versus Despair
Age 65-death Value Wisdom
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Stage 8

• Ritualization
• Integralism unification of previous
  ritualizations, see ones life contributing to
  immortal culture
• Ritualism
• Sapientism pretense of being wise

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Psychosocial Stages Compared with Freuds
Psychosexual Stages
Psychosocial Stage (Erikson) Psychosexual Stage (Freud)
1. Trust vs. Mistrust Oral
2. Autonomy vs. Shame, Doubt Anal
3. Initiative vs. Guilt Phallic
4. Industry vs. Inferiority Latency
5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion Genital
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation Genital
7. Generativity vs. Self-Absorption Genital
8. Integrity vs. Despair Genital
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Goal of Therapy

• Strengthen the ego, encourage growth of values