Psychodynamic Perspective

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Psychodynamic Perspective

• Freud and Psychodynamic Theory
• Unconscious Forces Directing Behavior
• Stages of Development and Critical Analysis
• Carl Jung
• Erick Erickson
• The Object Relations School

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Psychodynamic Perspective

• One of the seven broad perspectives covered in
  this class
• I. Psychodynamic V. Humanistic
• II. Behavioral VI. Evolutionary
• III. Cognitive VII. Social-Cultural
• IV. Biological
• One of the three forces in psychology
• Psychodynamic Theory
• Humanistic Theory
• Behavioral Theory

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Psychodynamic Perspective

• Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
• Father of Psychoanalytic Theory
• Psychodynamic Theory focuses
• on the inner person
• Defined
• Much of behavior is motivated by inner forces,
• memories, and conflicts of which a person
• has little awareness or control.
• They stem from ones childhood
• and influence behavior throughout
• the lifespan.

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Main Point

• Unconscious forces act to determine both
• Personality Behavior
• Part of everyones personality.
• We are unaware of it.
• Though it strongly influences our behavior.

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The all Powerful Unconscious

• Conscious
• Preconscious
• Unconscious

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Two Powerful Forces

• Genetic Dead End?
• Thanatos Libido
• Death Drive Sexual Instinct
• Life Instinct

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ID

• Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality
• Primitive desires of hunger, sex, and aggression
• Pleasure Principle
• Satisfaction is the
• ultimate goal

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MINE!!!
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EGO

• Rational and reasonable
• Reality Principle
• Instinctual energy (ID) is restrained
• in order to maintain the safety of the
• individual and keep him/her within
• societies norms

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SUPEREGO

• Right and wrong
• Develops at age 5 or 6
• Learned from others
• Moral Ideals and Conscience
• Guides us toward socially acceptable behavior
  through the use of guilt and anxiety

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Scenario

• Child in grocery store check-out lane
• To take the candy or not to take the candy, that
  is the question!

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Personality Development

• Key Features
• Consists of stages
• Focused on particular biological functions
• If children are unable to gratify themselves
  sufficiently during a particular stage or receive
  too much of it
• Fixation will occur

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Stages of Development

• Oral Anal Phallic
• (Birth to 12-18 months) (12-18 m to 3 years)
  (3 to 5-6 years)
• Latency Genital
• (5-6 years to adolescence) (Adolescence to
  adulthood)

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Critical Reactions

• Newsweek magazine (2006)
• History's most debunked doctor."
• Anti-empirical
• Proper scientific theories must be potentially
  falsifiable. No experiment or observation can
  ever falsify Freud's theories of psychology.
• Feminists have argued that at worst his views of
  women's sexual development set the progress of
  women in Western culture back decades
• Female inferiority

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Carl Jung

• Modified Freuds Original Theory
• In addition to the individuals own unconscious
  we have
• Collective Unconscious-Contains universal
  memories, symbols, images, and themes
• Developed Archtypes
• Representation of our collective unconscious
• Can be a picture such as a magic circle (Called
  a Mandala in Eastern religions)
• Symbolizes the unity of life and the Totality of
  the self.

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Erick EricksonPsychosocial Theory

• Emphasized our social interaction with other
  people
• Society and culture both shape and challenge
  people.
• His stage covered the entire life-span (8 stages)
• Each stage represents a crisis that must be
  resolved
• Ericksons Epigenetic Theory Non-genetic causes
  of a phenotype.
• Change of a phenotype without change in a
  genotype
• Stage 1-Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
• Stage 2-Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
• Stage 3-Initiative vs. Guilt
• Stage 4-Industry vs. Inferiority
• Stage 5-Identity vs. Role Confusion (or
  "Diffusion")
• Stage 6-Intimacy vs. Isolation
• Stage 7-Generativity vs. Stagnation
• Stage 8-Ego Integrity vs. Despair

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Object Relations School

• A psychodynamic approach that emphasizes the
  importance of the infants first two years of life
  and the babys formative relationships,
  especially with the mother.
• The central problem in life is to find a balance
  between the need for independence and the need
  for others.
• This balance requires constant adjustment to
  separations and losses.