Dental Anatomy Course

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Dental Anatomy Course

• Introduction to Dental Anatomy

Msd Fábio Tunes
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Dental Anatomy
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(No Transcript)
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Arrangement of Teeth

• Primary Dentition refers to the twenty deciduous
  teeth, also called baby teeth.
• Secondary Dentition refers to the thirty-two
  permanent teeth.
• The dentition is divided into two arches upper
  and lower, also known as maxillary and mandibular
  arches.
• Each arch is arranged into a right and a left
  half. Thus there are four quadrants.
• The line that divides left and right quadrants is
  the median line or midline of the face.

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Arrangement of Teeth
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Arrangement of Teeth

• The permanent teeth that replace the deciduous
  teeth are called succedaneous teeth.
• Permanent molars are nonsuccedaneous teeth.
• The permanent premolars replace the deciduous
  molars.
• A mixed dentition is composed of some permanent
  and some deciduous teeth.

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Naming and Coding Teeth

• Dentition-arch-quadrant-toothex
  permanent-max-left-central incisor
• Universal System
• 1-32 permanent teeth
• A-T deciduous teeth
  

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Palmer Notation System

• Each of the four quadrants is given his own
  prefix symbol.
• The number or letter assigned to the tooth
  depends on its position relative to the midline.
• The first number indicates the quadrant and
  whether the tooth is permanent or deciduous.

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Palmer Notation System
Second premolar
First premolar
First molar
Second molar
Third molar
Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Maxillary Right
Maxillary Left
Midline
Canine
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7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Maxillary- Mandibular dividing line
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7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Mandibular Right
Mandibular Left
Permanent Teeth
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Palmer Notation System
Second molar
First molar
Central incisor
Lateral incisor
Canine
Maxillary Right
Maxillary Left
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
Mandibular Right
Mandibular Left
Primary Teeth
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FDI System (Fédération Dentaire Internationale)

• Each tooth permanent or deciduous is given a
  two-digit number
• The second digit indicates the position of the
  tooth relative to the midline
• The first number indicates the quadrant and
  whether the tooth is permanent or deciduous

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FDI System of Permanent Teeth
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FDI System of Deciduous Teeth
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Universal System of Permanent Teeth
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Universal System of Deciduous Teeth
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Development and Form

• 6th week of fetal life deciduous teeth
  begin to develop from tooth germs
• 4th month of fetal life permanent
  teeth begin to develop
• 4-5th month of fetal life primary teeth
  begin to calcify. This process continues until
  3-4th year after birth, when the roots of
  deciduous teeth are fully formed
• Birth permanent teeth begin to calcify
  and continue until 25th year (third molar roots)

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Developmental Lobes

• Each tooth begins to develop from 4 or more
  growth centers or developmental lobes
• Anterior teeth and maxillary premolars develop
  from 4 lobes 3 labials and lingual. As the
  lobes grow, they coalesce. The lines formed by
  the fusion are called developmental grooves
• Mamelons are the incisal ridges of the three
  labial developmental lobes of anterior teeth
• The lingual lobe makes up the cingulum of the
  tooth

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Developmental Lobes
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Lobes and Cusps

• Maxillary premolars 3 facial lobes/1 lingual
  lobe3 facial 1 high buccal cusp
  1 lingual
  large lingual cusp
• Mandibular 1st premolar same as above
  except smaller lingual cusp
• Mandibular 2nd premolar
• a) 2 cusp variety same as mand. 1st
  premolar
• b) 3 cusp variety 3 buccal lobes-2
  lingual lobes leading to two lingual cusps (ML
  and DL)

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Four lobes of Maxillary Second Premolar
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Lobes and Cusps

• Max. 1st molar
• two major facial lobes (MB,DB)
• one major lingual lobe (ML)
• one minor lingual lobe (DL)
• one rudimentary lobe (Carabelli)
• Max 2nd molar
• 4 lobes usually does not have cusp of carabelli
• Max 3rd molar
• 3-4 lobes

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Lobes and Cusps of Maxillary Molars
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Lobes and Cusps

• Mand. 1st molar 5 lobes
• 4 major cusps (MB, DB, ML, DL)
• 1 minor cusp (D)
• Mand 2ed molar 4 lobes, cusps.
• Mand. 3rd molar 4 lobes, cusps.
• The most unpredictable teeth in size and shape.
  They are also the most likely to be missing.

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Lobes and Cusps of Mandibular Molars
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Eruption

• General rules
• Mandibular teeth usually precede maxillary (about
  1 month).
• Teeth in both jaws erupt in pairs ( one on the
  right and one on the left).
• Teeth usually erupt earlier in girls than in
  boys.
• all deciduous teeth usually erupted by 2 3/4
  years old.

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Eruption of Deciduous Teeth

• Central incisors 8-12 months
• Lateral incisors 9-13 months
• 1st molars 13-19 months
• canines 16-22 months
• 2nd molars 25-33 months

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Eruption of Permanent teeth

• 1st molar 1st permanent tooth to erupt. They
  emerge distal to the deciduous 2nd molars
  (6 years old).
• Mesial drift occurs
• Spaces between deciduous teeth are closed.
• If deciduous tooth is lost prematurely, the
  permanent molar moves into the available space a
  may keep a premolar or canine from erupting.

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Eruption of Permanent Teeth

• Exfoliation process by which the roots of a baby
  tooth are resorbed and dissolved until the tooth
  falls out.
• As a permanent tooth erupts, the pressure
  activates osteoclasts which in turn destroy the
  roots of deciduous teeth.
• Permanent teeth erupt lingually to the deciduous
  teeth.

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Most Common Pattern of Eruption

• Mand 1st molars Max 1st molars
• Mand central incisors Max central incisors
• Mand lateral Max lateral
• Mand canines Mand 1st PM- Max 1st PM
• Max 2nd PM Mand 2nd PM - Max Canine
• Mand 2nd molars Max 2nd molars
• Mand 3rd molars Max 3rd molars

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Pattern of Eruption

• Note
• 1. Max canines usually do not erupt until
  premolars have erupted.
• 2. Mand canines and 1st Premolars often erupt
  simultaneously.
• 3. Max 2nd premolars often erupt before the
  mandibular counterparts.

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Pattern of Eruption

• 3rd molars
• Do not appear until 17 years of age or later
• Most likely to be impacted
• (Mandibular gt Maxillary)
• Most common teeth to be congenitally missing

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Pattern of Eruption

• As teeth erupt and meet their antagonist on the
  opposing arch, they form the occlusal plane.
• The line of the occlusal surfaces is known as
  occlusal plane.
• The curved alignment of the occlusal plane is
  known as curve of Spee.

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