This Presentation Developed By Drew R. Smith

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Title: This Presentation Developed By Drew R. Smith

1
This Presentation Developed ByDrew R. Smith

This presentation may be modified or reproduced
by individual fire departments or training
organizations provided it is not used to generate
revenue or in any commercial manner.

2
CONFINED SPACE TRENCH RESCUE AWARENESS
3
CONFINED SPACE
4
OBJECTIVES

As presented in this class, identify
Ten hidden hazards associated with confined space
rescue
The requirements imposed by the Illinois
department of labor for persons involved in
rescue operations

How the national fire protection association,
Illinois department of labor, occupational safety
and health administration, ANSI and NIOSH all
interface
The methods of victim and rescuer protection
Required entry and retrieval systems
Air quality monitoring and control systems

Isolation techniques
The initial command operations at the scene of a
confined space rescue
The initial tasks of the first-in company at the
scene of a confined space rescue

7
A Confined Space means a space that

Is large enough and so configured that an
employee can bodily enter and perform assigned
work and
Has limited or restricted means of entry and
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy

8
Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

Is a confined space that has one or more of the
following characteristics
Contains, or has a potential to contain, a
hazardous atmosphere
Contains a material that has a potential for
engulfing an entrant

Has an internal configuration such that an
entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
inwardly converging walls or by a floor which
slopes and tapers to a smaller cross section
Contains any other recognized serious safety or
health hazard

10
Non-Permit Confined Space

Is a space that does not contain or, with respect
to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to
contain any hazard capable of causing death or
serious physical harm

11
Types Of Confined Spaces

Sewers
Silos
Vats
Ventilation and exhaust ducts
Boilers
Degreasers
Pipelines
Underground utility vaults
Tunnels
Railroad tank cars

12
Example of local confined space locations
13
Silos -Industrial or Agricultural
14
Manholes- Sanitary or Storm
15
Rail CarsLiquid Tank or Dry Bulk
16
Industrial Storage Tanks
17
Reasons for entering confined spaces

Cleaning
Inspections
Maintenance
Training
Rescue

18
Confined Space Requirements are detailed in OSHA
Standards29 CFR 1910.146Permit-Required
Confined Spaces for General Industry - Final
Rule 29 CFR 1910.147Control of Hazardous
Energy(Lock-out/Tag-out)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Definitionsto aid in understanding the OSHA
regulations...
21
Qualified (Competent) Person

A person designated by the Employer in writing,
as capable (by education and /or specialized
training) of anticipating, recognizing and
evaluating employee exposure to hazardous
substances or other unsafe conditions in a
Confined Space
This person shall be capable of specifying
necessary control and/or protective action to
insure worker safety.

22
Attendant

A trained individual, stationed outside the
Confined Space area who monitors authorized
entrants working in Permit-Required Confined
Spaces

23
Authorized Entrant

A trained individual who is authorized to enter a
Permit-Required Confined Space area to perform
work

24
Entry Supervisor

A trained individual who verifies that all
requirements for Permit-Required Confined Space
Entry have been met, authorizing and overseeing
entry operations, and for terminating entries

25
For every entry into a PRCS you will need

At least one attendant
At least one entrant
An entry supervisor
(although the entry supervisor does not need to
remain on site)

26
Hazardous Atmosphere

An atmosphere that may expose employees to the
risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of
ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided
from a permit space), injury or acute illness
from one or more of the following

Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 of
its Lower Flammable Limits (LFL)
Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that
meets or exceeds its (LFL)
Oxygen concentration below 19.5 or above 23.5

Concentration of any substance published in
Subpart G, Occupational Health and Environmental
Control, or Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous
Substances, in access of its dose or Permissible
Exposure Limits (PEL)
Note A concentration of any substance that is
capable of causing death, incapacitation or
impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury, or
acute illness due to health effects is not
covered by this provision

Any other atmospheric condition that is
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)

30
Engulfment

The surrounding and effective capture of a person
by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid
substance that can be aspirated to cause death by
filling or plugging the respiratory system, or
that can exert enough force on the body to cause
death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing

31
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
Any condition that

Poses an immediate or delayed threat to life
Would cause irreversible adverse health effects
Would interfere with an individuals ability to
escape unaided from a permit space

32
Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere

An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent
by oxygen by volume

33
Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres

An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 oxygen
by volume

34
Inerting

Displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space
by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to
such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is
noncombustible

35
Isolation

The process by which a permit required confined
space is removed from service and completely
protected against the release of energy and/or
material into the confined space by such means
as
Blanking and bleeding
Removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts
Double block and bleed
Lock-out, tag-out, or tryout of all sources of
energy
Blocking or disconnecting of all linkages

36
Retrieval System

The equipment including a retrieval line, class
III harness, wristlets, if appropriate, and
lifting device) used for non-entry rescue of
workers from a permit-required confined space

37
Acceptable Entry Conditions

The condition that must exist in a confined space
to allow entry and ensure that employees involved
with a permit-required confined space entry can
work within the confined space safely

38
Entry

The action by which a person passes through an
opening into a permit required confined space,
and includes ensuing work activities in that
space
Considered to have occurred as soon as any part
of the entrants body breaks the plane of an
opening into the space

39
Entry Permit

The written or printed document provided by the
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to allow and
control entry to a permit space

40
A permit is simply a checklist

Not issued by the Federal, State or Local
government
Minimum contents set by OSHA
Many formats

41
Content of each permit is based on the AHJs
identification and evaluation of each hazard of
that permit space, or class of spaces, and all
procedures the AHJs requires for protecting
entrants from those hazards during entry.

Each permit contains the information specified in
paragraph (f), ("ENTRY PERMIT") of the standard

42
Prohibited Condition

Any condition in a permit space that is not
allowed by the permit during the period when
entry is authorized

43
Requirements

General

44
The Employer will decide if the workplace
contains Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS)
45
If workplace contains Permit Required Confined
Spaces, the Employer must inform employees of
their existence, location and dangers
46
If the Employer decides employees will enter
permit spaces, the Employer shall develop and
implement a written entry program
47
The Employer may use alternate entry procedures
provided certain conditions and requirements are
met
48
When there are changes in use of configuration of
a non-permit confined space that might increase
the hazards to entrants, the Employer shall, if
necessary, reclassify as a permit space
49
If there are no actual or potential atmospheric
hazards and if all hazards within the space are
eliminated without entry, space may be
reclassified for as long as the non-atmospheric
hazards remain eliminated
50
If entry into a confined space is required to
eliminate hazards, it shall be according to
regulations and the confined space may be
reclassified for as long as the hazards remain
eliminated
51
The Entry Supervisor shall certify in writing
that all hazards in Permit Required Confined
Space have been eliminated and make this document
available to each entrant
52
If hazards arise in Alternate Entry Permit Space
or Non-Permitted Space, employees shall exit the
Confined Space and the Entry Supervisor shall
determine whether to reclassify the Confined Space
53
When the Employer arranges for contractor to
perform Permit Required Confined Space entry
work, the Employer shall
54

Inform contractor of the Employer's Permit
Required Confined Space Entry Program
Apprise contractor of particular PRCS hazards,
precautions and procedures implemented for
protection of employees in or near the Permitted
Spaces
Coordinate entry operations with contractor when
both will be working in or near Permitted Spaces
and debrief contractor after entries

55
Contractors shall comply with the Employers
Permit Required Confined Space Entry Program
during combined employee entries and coordinate
multiple entry operations
56
Requirements forAlternate Entry
57

Any condition making it unsafe to remove an
entrance cover shall be eliminated before the
cover is removed
When entrance covers are removed, opening shall
be promptly and effectively protected
Before entry, internal atmosphere shall be tested
with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for
the following conditions in the order listed

58
Oxygen content
Flammable gases and vapors

Potential toxic air contaminants

59
A confined space entered using Alternate Entry
Procedures may not have any hazard until after
the space is vacated
60
Major utility companies often use alternate entry
procedures
61
Procedures for using continuous forced air
ventilation

Entry will not be permitted until hazardous
atmosphere is eliminated.
Ventilation shall be directed to immediate areas
where employees are or will be present and shall
continue until employees have left space.
Air supply shall be from a clean source and may
not increase hazards in space.
Atmosphere within space shall be continuously
tested.

62
Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is
detected during entry

Each employee shall leave the confined space
immediately
Permit Space shall be evaluated to determine how
hazardous atmosphere developed
Measures shall be taken to protect employees from
the hazardous atmosphere before a subsequent entry

The Entry Supervisor shall certify in writing
that the confined space is safe for entry and
that all of the above requirements have been met
The Entry Permit will be available to each
employee before entry

64
Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure

Use of the Permit Entry Confined Space Program
Prevents unauthorized entry
Identifies and evaluates hazards before entry

Establish safe practices, such as

Isolation
Purging
Inerting
Ventilation
Barricades
Lock out/tag out

Provide and maintain equipment necessary for safe
entry, including testing and monitoring,
ventilation, communications, personal protection,
lighting, barriers, ingress and egress, and rescue

Test Permit Space and document results
Maintain acceptable conditions in Permit Space
Provide at least one attendant outside the
Permitted Space for the duration of entry
operations

Identify duties of each employee and provide
training
Establish a written system for preparation,
issuance, use and cancellation of Entry Permits
Coordinate entry operations during multiple
employer entries
Review entire program at least annually, unless
previously reviewed at conclusion of a specific
entry

69
Entry Permit System

The Entry Supervisor, through the permit system,
shall ensure
All PRCS Entry Permits are issued and posted at
the entry portal
That the duration of the Permit does not exceed
the time required to complete the task
That all PRCS Permits are appropriately canceled
in a timely manner

70
The Entry Permit must provide the following
information

Permit Space(s) to be entered
Purpose of entry
Date and authorized duration of entry permit
Authorized entrants
Attendants
Entry Supervisors, by printed name and signature

Hazards of the permit space
Measures required to control hazards of the space
Acceptable entry conditions
Test results with signature or initials of
tester(s)
Rescue services, and the means to summon them

Communication procedures and equipment are on
site
All special equipment and procedures, including
personal protective equipment and rescue
equipment
Any other information needed to ensure safe entry
Any additional permits needed for welding,
cutting, and brazing. Employee's duties

73
Sample Permit for Rescue
74
Personnel Duties
75
Authorized entrants

Know the hazards that may be faced during entry,
including mode, signs or symptoms, and
consequences of exposure
Properly use all required equipment
Communicate with attendant as necessary to enable
attendant to monitor status and to alert entrants
of need to evacuate

Alert attendant whenever any warning sign or
symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation or a
prohibited condition is detected
Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of
exposure to a dangerous situation

77
Entrant exits from the permit space as quickly as
possible whenever

Order to evacuate is given by attendant or entry
supervisor
Entrant detects a prohibited condition
Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of
exposure to a dangerous situation
Entrant detects a prohibited condition
Evacuation alarm is activated

78
ALL RESCUERS MUST BE TRAINED TO THE ENTRANT LEVEL
79
Authorized attendants
80

Know the hazards that may be faced during entry
Know the possible behavioral effects of hazards
Continuously maintains accurate count of entrants
Remain outside of permit space during entry
operations until relieved by another attendant

Communicate with entrants as necessary to monitor
status and alert of need to evacuate space
Monitor activities inside and outside the space
to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain
in space and order evacuation when necessary
Summon rescue and emergency services when
emergency exit from permit space is necessary

Take the following actions when unauthorized
persons approach or enter a permit space while
entry is underway

Warns them to stay away
Advises them to exit immediately if they have
entered
Informs authorized entrants and entry supervisor
if
unauthorized persons enter space
Perform non-entry rescues

Perform no duties that might interfere with
attendants priamry duty to monitor and protect
authorized entrants

83
Entry supervisors

Know the hazards that may be faced during entry
Verify that acceptable conditions for entry exist
Terminate entry when operations are completed or
a prohibited condition arises
Verify rescue services are available

Remove unauthorized persons who enter or attempt
to enter permit space during operations
Determine, whenever responsible and at
appropriate intervals, that acceptable entry
conditions are maintained

85
Rescue Services

Ability to restore an airway and circulation to
the victim in 3 to 4 minutes

NOTE The time is for restoration of airway and
circulation, not simply arriving on the scene.
86
On-site team

Must be properly trained in entry procedures,
rescue procedures and PPE equipment
Permit space rescues must be practiced at least
annually from similarly configured spaces
Must be trained in basic first-aid and CPR, and
have at least one member currently certified

87
Off-site

Inform rescue service of hazards they may
confront
Provide rescue service with access to all permit
spaces so they can develop appropriate rescue
plans and practice rescue operations
If injured entrant is exposed to substance with a
required MSDS, it shall be made available to
medical facility treating entrant

88
HazardsThe Incident itself

Configurations
Locations
Height
Depth

Difficult rescues can be stationary or mobile
May be above grade, below grade or at grade level
Can narrow at the bottom and/or the top
Can be in an area difficult to get equipment to

90
Containment hazards (Engulfment)

Coal, sand, grain, pellets, you can sink like
quicksand or fall 20' threw a hole
Water - you can drown

91
Biological / health hazards

MSD plants and sewers (Human waste)
Hepatitis B
Infection
Storm sewers and Contaminated water
Rats and Insects
Plants that work with biological specimens and
hazardous materials

92
Mechanical hazards

Electrical, augers, backhoes, welding equipment
Difficulty with isolation - the process where the
space is removed from service by
Lock out, Tag out procedures, preferably at
disconnect switches remote from the equipment

Removing belt and chain drives, mechanical
linkages when possible
A computer from a remote location can turn on
equipment or release a product
Blanking and bleeding - pneumatic and hydraulic
lines
Securing - mechanical moving parts within a
confined space with chains, bars, chocks, blocks
and other devices
Double block and bleed

94
Lock-Out/Tag-Out Kit

Padlocks
Hasps tags
Plug valve covers
Chain
Electrical Tester

95
(No Transcript)
96
Padlocks Hasps/Tags
97
Covers Limiting Devices
98
Locking Out a Plug
99
Lock-Out Tag-Out of Electrical Disconnect
Switch
100
Use of limiting device on quarter-turn valve
101
Use of chain to limit operation
102
When Lock-Out is not possible
103

Dissipation of
Stored energy
Static electricity

104
Weather

The environment for time of season and day is
extremely influencing
Examples
Rain
Snow
Heat
Cold
Low and high humidity

105
Air Contaminants present the most problems and
hazards
106
Terms Related to Toxicity
107
TLV - TWA

Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average
The amount of exposure a person can receive in an
eight hour day, forty hours a week

108
EEL or STEL

Emergency Exposure Limits or Short Term Exposure
Limit
The amount of exposure a person can receive in
fifteen minutes during a rescue

109
IDLH

Immediately Deadly to Life and Health
The amount of an exposure a person receives that
is immediately life threatening

110
LEL - UEL

Lower Explosive Limits and Upper Explosive Limits
Between this range, combustible gases can burn
and explode.
Above the UEL the concentration is too rich and
below the LEL the concentration is too lean

111
Recognize overexposure to yourself and co-workers

Headache
Dizziness
Nausea
Smell or rotten eggs
Euphoria

112
Oxygen ranges

19.5 to 23.5
Can be displaced oxygen in a space from decaying
plants, rust, introduction of another gas, inert
gas cleansing and more

113
(No Transcript)
114
Carbon Monoxide displaces oxygen in the human
body, even when plenty of good air is available.
(35 ppm TLV.)

Odorless, colorless, tasteless gas

115
(No Transcript)
116
Hydrogen Sulfide

Extremely poisonous and flammable
10 ppm is the TLV
IDLH is 300 ppm
Flammable range is 10 of the LEL
Has an odor of rotten eggs and immediately
deadens your senses
If you smell it, get out

117
(No Transcript)
118
Explosive gases - flammable hydrocarbons

Methane
Gasoline
Acetylene
Carbon monoxide

119
(No Transcript)
120
Combustible dusts
121
Electrical and otherenergy sources
122
Poor lightingPoor footing(slips, falls)
123
Improper(or a lack of)training
124
Retrieval systems or methods shall be used
whenever entry is made, unless the retrieval
equipment would increase overall risk of entry or
would not be of value
125
Each entrant shall use chest or full body
harness, with retrieval line attached at the
center of their back near shoulder level, or
above their head
126
Wristlets may be used in lieu of the chest or
full body harness if employer can show use of
chest or body harness is not feasible or creates
a greater hazard and that use of wristlets is
safest and most effective alternative
127
Other end of retrieval line shall be attached to
a mechanical device or fixed point outside permit
space for immediate use
128
Mechanical device shall be used to retrieve
personnel from vertical type permit spaces more
than 5 feet deep hazards associated with Confined
Spaces
129
Protective Actions
130
Monitor use

Time needed to
intake atmosphere
Electric pump 1 second per foot of tubing
Hand bulb 3 pumps per foot of tubing

131

Time needed for monitor to evaluate
If you move too fast you can walk into or through
a hazard
Test in 4 foot intervals for potential
stratification of gases
Test 4 feet in all directions in front of you

132
Your test equipment must monitor what youre
searching for
133

What various scales on the meter mean
LEL How close you are to LEL
Percentage ()
PPM 1 PPM .0001

134
Types of monitors

Direct reading insturments
Gas analysers
Explosive meters
Gas detectors
Particulate detectors
Drager (Colormetric) tubes

135
Calibration per manufacturer's recommendations
136
Bump testing
137
Fresh air calibration
138
Maintenance

Department procedures
Manufacturer's recommendations

139
SHOULD USE TWO MONITORS

When your alarm goes off - believe it

140
Testing must be continuous for the outside and
inside of the Confined Space

This makes sure that old problems don't reoccur
and new ones don't arise

141
(No Transcript)
142
Use meter to check air quality.

Monitor air outside space first.
Monitor air at confined space entry point second.
Monitor air inside entry point third.
Monitor air at half-way point (half-way between
entry point and farthest point inside confined
space) fourth.
Monitor air at farthest point (where victim is
located) last.

143
Use of ventilation to control the situation
144
Definition

The planned and systematic release and removal of
gases and the replacement of these gases with a
supply of fresh air
The same objective as at a structure fire

145
Consider characteristics of gases

Vapor densities
Stratification

146
Reasons for ventilation

When the type of construction is unsuitable for
natural ventilation
To remove dangerous gases
To reduce LEL's to safe levels
To produce a work environment with a temperature
conducive to human habitation

147
When to ventilate

Prior to and during entry of confined space

148
Where to ventilate

In the area where the confined space is occupied
During a rescue, the ventilation hose should be
directed at the victims face when possible

149
Ventilation must be continuous
150
Ventilation equipment should be intrinsically
safe if dealing with flammable gases
151
Tubing should be sized so escape air can be
released around it from the opening
152
Use upwind
153
Area outside the Confined Space should be clear
for dangerous expelled gases
154
Make sure you're not purging your Confined Space
with contaminated air from the outside

Car exhaust, small engine exhaust

155
An exhaust mode can draw flammable gases into
your equipment and BOOM!
Always operate the ventilator in the positive
pressure mode
156
How long to ventilate?

Until the confined space is free of toxic gases
and the LEL is at a safe level
MONITOR
Minimum of 5 minutes or
6 air exchanges in the space
Blower should be operated for one minute prior to
putting hose in confined space

157
Blower considerations

CFM (usually stamped on blower)
The length of blower hose and the number of bends
will affect the CFM achieved
Tubing in hole should not obstruct exhaust gases,
should allow one person to enter and exit
The blower should not be closer than 5 feet to
confined space opening

158
Placement of blower hose

In a vertical confined space with a 90 degree
bend, blow against the wall, at least one foot
below the surface, and two feet above the floor
In a horizontal confined space lay hose on the
floor with the end of the hose at least two feet
from the end wall. Be sure blower is out of the
path of the purged air

159
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160
(No Transcript)
161
Blow Air Across Manhole
162
(No Transcript)
163
Personal protective equipment

Components
Hard hats
Lights
Radios
Boots
Eye and Hearing protection
Splash protection
SCBA
Turn-outs (fire gear)
Hazardous materials protection

164
Does equipment need to be intrinsically safe?Is
yours?
165
SCBA and Supplied Air Units

Compatible air system with supplied air systems
Supplied air system
10 minute escape bottle recommended
One person with the main system
Keep short distances for possible kinking of hose
300 foot maximum

166
Standard SCBA enables us greater freedom of
movement but air supply is limited

Must be positive pressure

167
Physicals are required yearly for all BA users
168
Full body harnesses,Life lines, Tripods,Descent
Retrieval Systems all need to be APPROVED
169
Tri-Pod Retrevial Systems
Commercial

Make-Shift
Little Giant Ladder (300 SWL)
A-frame using two ladders

170
Life Line Retrieval Systems

Block Tackle Set-up
Industrial Hand Winch
20 mule Team

171
(No Transcript)
172
Tools/equipment

Non-sparking
Air driven tools, intrinsically safe (drills,
saws, cleaning equipment)

173
Electrical equipment

Electrical is a source of ignition
Should be on surge protectors and/or ground
faults
Needs to be grounded
Should be low voltage

174
Methods of communication
175
Radios

Won't turn corners
Difficulty in thick cement structures
Difficulty underground
May need to be intrinsically safe

176
Life LineOATH

O - OK, 1 pull of rope
A - Advance line, 2 pulls of rope
T - Take up slake, 3 pulls of rope
H - HELP! 4 or more pulls of rope

177

Hand signals
Sight
Voice

178
Identification /accountability system

Name of attendant
Name and number of entrants
Time in and out of confined space
Time on and off air system

179
Record keeping Types of records

Training
Permits
Incidents
Medical surveillance - can use OSHA's Hazardous
Materials Regulations for this
Equipment maintenance

180
Record retention

Must be kept for a minimum of one year
Exposure records must be kept for 40 years or for
30 years after employment termination

181
THE WORK DAY ISN'T OVER UNTIL THE PAPERWORK IS
COMPLETE
182
Fire/RescueEmegencyResponseProcedures
183
Initial Operations

Activate response plan
Summon MABAS Special Rescue Team confirming
incident exists
Institute Incident Command System
Prevent unauthorized personnel from entering area
Prepare permit or S.O.P.

184

Set-up zones
Cold
Warm
Hot

185

Hot Operations zone is within 15 feet of
victim. No person allowed except rescuers
approved by operations officer.
Warm Control zone is within 50 feet of
victim. All rescuer staging occurs in this area.
No apparatus allowed in control zone.
Cold Exclusion zone is 150 feet of victim.
Apparatus and media are staged in this area.
Public is held outside exclusion zone.

186

Cold
Warm
Hot

Perimeters designated by barricade tape or rope
and police guard
Zone distances may be adjusted as appropriate or
circumstances allow
187

Visually check for hazards
Monitor air quality with meter
Ventilate confined space
Set-up tri-pod or other fixed point
Set-up retrieval system and tag lines
Have all entrants and back-up personnel in full
body harnesses
Provide adequate lighting
Establish communications methods

188

Personal protective equipment is worn and used
Helmets, SCBA, etc.
Provide for rescue services (back-up)
Protect portal
Post permit or S.O.P. at portal
All entrants or rescuers are trained to compete
assignment
Make entry, perform assigned work
Cancel permit

189
Planning

Establish a confined space training program
Make personnel aware of hazards
Train personnel in tasks that your department can
perform safely
Preplan a confined space rescue response
Develop a procedure for first in companies
Develop a response plan with local area fire
departments and industry

190
In Review...
191
A Confined Space means a space that

Is large enough and so configured that an
employee can __________ and perform __________
and
Has limited or restricted means of __________
and
Is not designed for _________________________

192
Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)

A confined space that has one or more of the
following characteristics
Contains, or has a potential to contain, a
____________________
Contains a material that has a potential for
__________________

193

Has an internal configuration such that an
entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by
________________________________________________
Contains any other recognized ____________________
___

194
Types Of Confined Spaces
195
Reasons for entering confined spaces
196
Confined Space Requirements are detailed in OSHA
Standards29 CFR 1910.146Permit-Required
Confined Spaces for General Industry - Final
Rule 29 CFR 1910.147Control of Hazardous
Energy(Lock-out/Tag-out)
197
Definitions
198
Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS)
199
Acceptable Entry Conditions
200
EntryWhat constitutes an entry?
201
Contractors shall comply with the Employers
Permit Required Confined Space Entry Program
202
Requirements forAlternate Entry
203
Procedures when a hazardous atmosphere is
detected during entry
204
Permit Entry Confined Space Procedure
205
Entry Permit System
206
A permit is simply a checklist
207
The Entry Permit must provide what information?
208
Roles