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SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN APPLICATION OF THE
SEVESO II DIRECTIVE LESSONS LEARNT FROM
IMPLEMENTATION IN SMEs
O. Salvi, I. Vuidart, M. Caumont, F. Prats
Institut National de l Environnement Industriel
et des RisquesParc Technologique Alata, BP 2, F-
60 550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France Phone 33 3
44 55 61 01, fax [phone], email
Olivier.Salvi_at_ineris.fr
1. The enquiry

• Recommandations and proposal
• Improving the interest in major hazard prevention
  ? need to convince top management with arguments
• Reduction of financial loss in case of an
  accident, due to the destruction of the
  production equipment and the loss of production,
  and of market shares
• Preserving the image of the enterprise (media
  impact)
• Diminution of insurance costs
• Building a communication policy with the
  stakeholders
• Involving the personal in the MAPP ? MAPP is the
  foundation of the SMS for both low tier and
  high tier
• Commitment of the enterprise / direction
• Long term objectives with continuous improvement
  process
• Structures and means to fulfil the objectives
• Involvement of all employees (consulting them
  with questionnaires, debates)
• Reinforcing the responsibility of the operator ?
  self-controlled systems based on PDCA principle
• Operator has the best place to identify the
  hazards and to allocate the means to prevent them
• Inspection to guarantee the good functioning of
  the SMS
• Inspection to perceive safety culture
• Using risk analysis as a fundamental tool ? use
  input data to identify potential accidents,
  evaluate their likelihood and severity, determine
  reducing measures
• Gathering various persons involved in the
  functioning of the enterprise
• Ranking to define priorities for actions

• Context and objectives
• An informal enquiry was launched to anticipate
  the implementation of Major Accident Prevention
  Policy (MAPP) and Safety Management Systems (SMS)
  required by the Seveso II Directive. The
  objectives of the enquiry was to better know the
  needs of industrialists, in particulare SMEs, to
  propose solutions tools, methodologies,
  information

• Enquiry progress and results
• To carry out the enquiry, a working group has
  been constituted. During one year, it met several
  industrialists and expose them the requirements
  of the directive and collect their reactions. To
  facilitate the discussion, INERIS elaborated a
  manual with slides to address the following
  points

• Observations and objectives related to SMS
  implementation
• Presentation of the contents of the Seveso II
  directive
• Brief description of operators documents that
  could be part of the PPAM and SMS Constitution of
  a working group at INERIS
• We identified some recurrent success factors
• Strong implication of the top management right
  from the beginning
• Existence of a Management Systems ISO 9000 or
  14000
• Existence of a safety culture

2. Perspectives

• Based on the results of the enquiry, INERIS has
  developed a tool to analyse risks linking both
  technical and organisational aspects. This risk
  analysis method is called ATOS, for Analyse of
  Technical and Organisational Safety.
• The model used in ATOS considers that the
  organisation is seen as the interaction of three
  elements the safety technical elements (tools,
  equipment), the system (activities, processes,
  procedures) and the people.
• The SMS is described as the structural aspect of
  the organisation, in other words, the
  treacability of the prevention system in place,
  called the FORMAL, see figure 3.
• The Human Factor is approached from the
  sociological angle, using a tool called
  lanalyse stratégique that aimed at assessing
  the organisation efficiency, integrating power
  plays and cultural aspects of the organisation.
  This represents the INFORMAL side of the
  organisation.
• Practically the analysis with ATOS is operated by
  teams composed with engineers and sociologists
  through the following steps
• - a classical technical risk analysis ,
• - the identification of the activities required
  to be assured for the efficiency of the line
  of defence identified through the risk analysis,
• - a sociological analysis to assess what truly
  happens, beyond what is written.
• At the moment, the concept is developed and it is
  intend to implement it in the forthcoming months
  with industrialists, particularly SMEs working in
  chemical industry.

• A risk analysis linking technical and
  organisational aspects
• The SMEs are structured to produce. Regarding
  safety, they bet on their reactivity and on the
  informal component of their organisation. Due to
  the regulation requirements, their strategy
  should evolve, but they cant adopt full formal
  safety management systems. See Figure 1 and 2.

Figure 1 various efficient organisational
safety approaches
Figure 3 risk control model in ATOS
Figure 2 formal and informal components of
safety organisation
INFORMAL
FORMAL
sociological
SMS
approach
structure
1
Roles, responsibilities
Organisation and personnel
1
2
Communications
Identification and evaluation
2
of major hazards
Decision making
3
Management of change
3
Skills
4

4
Operational control
Monitoring, continuous
5
improvement
5
Emergency preparedness
6
6
Management
Learning from experience
7
Co-operation
7
Audits Review