Motivation In Sport

1
(No Transcript)
2

• Why People Take Part in Sport
• Lesson Objective To understand the effects of
  motivation on performance

3
Why is Motivation in Sport Important?

• Helps us understand why some sports performers
  make substantial sacrifices to become successful
• Helps us understand why certain sports performers
  are more successful than others
• Ensures Maximum effort at the most appropriate
  time

4
Why is Motivation in Sport Important? - Continued

• Ensures continued enjoyment and participation in
  exercise
• Encourages sedentary people to take up sport and
  exercise!
• It is generally accepted that you need to be
  motivated to achieve your goals

5
Why do you play sport?

• Write down the reasons to why you have played
  sport?

6
Motivation depends upon

• Intrinsic Motivation
• Extrinsic Motivation
• Arousal Level
• Need to avoid failure
• Need to achieve
• What could these be?

7
Intrinsic Motivation

• An intrinsically motivated person is
• Someone who takes part in sport for enjoyment.
  They judge success on the amount of effort
  exerted in the task and by how much they improve

In what sporting situations would you find people
participating for intrinsic reasons?
8
Extrinsic Motivation

• An extrinsically motivated person is
• Someone who participates for external rewards
  including
• Trophies
• Medals
• Money
• Prizes

9
Effects of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Motivation on
Performance

• Introducing extrinsic rewards leads to a
  reduction in intrinsic motivation
• Intrinsic motivation will decrease when an
  external reward is perceived to be the primary
  reason for participation
• If a reward increases an individuals feelings of
  competence and self-worth, then Intrinsic
  motivation increases
• In Professional sport motivation to win in nearly
  all cases would be a mixture of both Intrinsic
  and extrinsic factors

10
Arousal Level

• Arousal is the intensity of our motivation
  there is an ideal level of motivation for any
  sport. This ideal level of intensity will differ
  between sports.
• However, if we are too motivated or not motivated
  enough in a sport we are less likely to be
  successful.

11
Drive Theory

• Drive theory suggests that the higher the arousal
  level in a performer the greater the level of
  their performance. For example a top-class tennis
  player will perform better in front of a large
  crowd.

Performance
Arousal
12
Drive Reduction Theory
Learning is accomplished the task is mastered
Drive or motivation To fulfill the Learning need
Drive To Learn
Drive to learn new Task or achieve New goal is
established
Drive to continue to learn the old task is reduced
Set new goal
13
Drive Reduction Theory

• When the learning goal has been achieved, the
  desire to continue with the same task decreases.
  
• The initial drive to learn is strong, but once
  the skill has been learned the drive is reduced
  and the performance of the skill will decline
• Therefore the drive to learn should be
  maintained, by setting goals/targets, providing
  rewards, making practices fun!!

14
The Inverted U Theory

• Original Theory Optimum performance occurs at a
  moderate arousal level.
• Modified theory Position of optimum arousal
  depends upon
• Type of Activity
• Skill level of performer
• Personality of performer

           
 
Performance
Arousal
15
Where does each sport fit in?
 

• 3 Inverted U graph

             
 
Performance
A B C      
 
 
Arousal
16
Catastrophe Theory

• Here performances increases as arousal increases
  but when arousal gets too high, performance
  dramatically decreases. This is usually caused by
  the performer becoming anxious.

Performance
Arousal
17
Reticular Activating System (RAS)

• This is a system within the brain which controls
  arousal
• Extroverts have lower levels of intrinsic arousal
  than introverts therefore extroverts seek
  situations of high arousal and introverts seek
  low arousal situations
• As a general rule which sports would extroverts
  and introverts tend to play?

18
Extroverts Vs Introverts

• Football
• Rugby
• Swimming
• Tennis
• Shot Putt
• Snooker
• Hockey
• Badminton

• Marathon Runner
• Netball
• Chess

Extroverted Sports Introverted Sports

19
Competition Time

• Shooting Competition-
• Aim to score as many points as possible with
  three
• shots, you can shoot from a distance and score 3
• points, or close and score 1 point.

20
NAch Vs NAF

• Need to Achieve
• This personality type likes a challenge and likes
  feedback. They are not afraid of failure and have
  a high task persistence.

• Need to Avoid Failure
• This personality type avoids challenges, often
  gives up and does not want feedback

A rockclimber with a high NAF would choose the
easiest way up a mountain but a rockclimber with
a high Nach would choose a harder route to gain
maximum satisfaction
21
Conclusion

• What different things motivate a performer?
• Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
• Arousal Level
• NAch and NAF
• What system controls arousal level?
• RAS

22
Conclusion - continued

• Arousal level depends on
• The level they play at
• Type of activity
• Personality of the performer
• Motivation is very important in determining
• whether a performer is successful or not, why is
• this true?