THEODORE ROOSEVELT Square Deal

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THEODORE ROOSEVELT Square Deal
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Woodrow WilsonNew Freedom
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FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELTNEW DEAL

• Program to deal with the GREAT DEPRESSION
• Relief for Needy
• Recovery of Economy
• Reform - financial

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• We have
• nothing to
• fear
• BUT
• FEAR ITSELF!
• FDR
• 1st Inaugural
• Address
• 1933

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• December 7,
• 1941
• -- a day that will
• live
• in infamy.
• FDR calls for a declaration of war

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Fireside ChatsFDR uses radio
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HARRY S. TRUMAN Fair Deal

• 1948 Election

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1948 upset winner
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JOHN F. KENNEDYNew Frontier

•    We stand at the edge of a
• New Frontier the frontier of unfulfilled
  hopes
• and dreams..
• nomination speech, 1960

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JFK

• ask not what your country can do for you - ask
  what you can do for your country! 
• Inaugural Speech
• January 1961

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• Let the word
• go forth..
• That the torch
• has been passed
• to a New
• Generation of
• Americans.

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Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)The Great Society

• The Great Society. demands an end to poverty
  and racial injustice.
• LBJ
• Did more for Civil Rights than previous
  presidents

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2 Weimar Republic

• Multi-party system
• Nazis won a plurality of votes
• BUT not a majority
• NAZI party was more unified than others

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3 KristallnachtNight of the Crystal

• First organized
  attack on Jews
• November 9 10, 1938

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5 Anschluss

• Hitler born in Austria Union make him German

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6 Sudetenland

• Region included
• German-speaking
• population
• Munich Pact gives
• Germany the region
• in Sept 1938
• By March Germany takes over all of Czechoslovakia

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7 Munich Conference 1938

• Associated with Appeasement
• French and British leaders gave
  Czechoslovakias Sudetenland to Hitler
• Hoped to achieve peace by appeasing an aggressor
  like Hitler

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7 Neville Chamberlain

• British leader associated with appeasement
• Tried to appease Hitler
• Allowed Germany to take
• Sudetenland from
• Czechoslovakia

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Peace in our time

• Herr Hitler is reasonable.
• His word can be trusted

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8. Blitzkrieg - Lightning Warfare

• Used to invade conquer POLAND 1939 starts
  WWII
• Carried
• out by
• Panzer
• or
• German
• Tank
• Divisions

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START OF WORLD WAR II Sept. 1939

• Invasion of Poland by Germany
• Blitzkrieg
• Lightning Warfare
• Took only ONE month

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9 GULAG E. Soviet Union
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10 Fascism

• System of govt. that places the well-being of the
  country as a whole ABOVE the welfare of
  individuals

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• When fasces
• were good!

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11. COMMUNISM (and socialism)
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12. ISOLATIONISM

• U.S. policy remained out of war until 12-8-41

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Shintoismthe way of the gods

• Worship of ancestors
• Taught that Japan is a nation of gods
• Therefore, Japanese superior to all other nations

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14. Imperialism

• Desire to acquire or build a territorial or
  economic empire

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15. MAJOR NAZI LEADER

• A. Heinrich
• Himmler
• Head of the Gestapo, Nazi Secret Police
• Also head of the
• SS or schutzstaffel Nazi Elite Guard

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16. Benito Mussolini IL DUCE
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17 Francisco Franco
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Joseph Goebbels

• Minister of
• PROPAGANDA

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• 19. Since 1923, Hitler had outlined his plans
  for
• Germany in his book Mein Kampf
• Which means my struggle

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(No Transcript)
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Luftwaffe (Germany)vs. RAF (Britain)

• Battle of Britain

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Churchill on RAF

• Never have so many owed so much to so few

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Winston Churchill

• Radio Address
• We shall defend our island whatever the cost may
  be we shall fight on beaches, landing grounds,
  in fields, in streets and on the hills.
• We shall never surrender

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Sir Winston Churchill
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21 der Fuhrer

• LEADER Adolph Hitler
• Called der Führer
• (The leader)

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22 Gestapo

• NAZI
• Secret Police

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• 23. Red Purge or Great Purge
• 24. Aggressor
• 25. Totalitarian
• 26. Propaganda
• 27. Appeasement

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28 Winston Churchill

• Replaced Chamberlain as
• British Prime Minister
• Inspirational
• Led Britain through low tide of war

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29 Neville Chamberlain

• British leader associated with appeasement
• Tried to appease Hitler
• Allowed Germany to take
• Sudetenland from
• Czechoslovakia

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Munich Conference 1938

• Associated with Appeasement
• French and British leaders gave
  Czechoslovakias Sudetenland to Hitler
• Hoped to achieve peace by appeasing an aggressor
  like Hitler

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30. Bernard Montgomery
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31. Dwight Eisenhower
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• FDR 1941
• Harry S. Truman - 1945

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33 NUREMBERG LAWS

• Stripped Jews of
• German citizenship
• Severely restricted social
• interaction with non-Aryans
• gt Marriage
• gt Pre-marital relations
• gt Schools
• gt Public facilities

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35 Mussolinis Fascist Beliefs

• Anti-Democratic
• Anti-Communist
• Favored Dictatorship
• Favored Militarism
• Strongly Nationalistic

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34 36 Rise of Fascism in Italy

• a. 1922 Benito Mussolini seizes power after
  intimidating king
• with MARCH on ROME
• b. Mussolinis
• armed supporters are known
• as the BLACK SHIRTS
• c. With their assistance, Italy
• becomes totalitarian
• dictatorship

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39 42 RHINELAND

• Rhineland section of Germany that borders
• France, Belgium,
  Luxembourg
• Hitler re-militarized the Rhineland in 1936
• Sent 32,000 soldiers into the Rhineland
• France and Britain did nothing to prevent this
  move

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38 NAZIs

• Used democratic govt. of the
• Weimar Republic to come to power
• Elected by less than a majority
• Won most votes in a multi-party system

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(No Transcript)
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43 Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

• Nationalists (Fascists) led by FRANCO
• VS.
• Loyalists (Republicans)

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Franco(Spain)
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47 Manchuria invasion 1931

• Area of China that Japanese invaded in 1931
• Ten years before Pearl Harbor attack
• Brutal treatment of Chinese

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Arsenal of Democracy

• Term coined by FDR
• Used in a Fireside Chat radio address
• December 29, 1940
• Encouraged country to arm support the Allies

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52 Lend Lease Act 1941

• Loophole to isolationist policy
• USA would lend or lease arms to Allies or any
  nation whose defense was vital to USA
• Eventually 50 Billion to Britain USSR

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53Atlantic Charter

• August 14, 1941
• Outlined the principles for fighting a war with
  Axis powers
• Provided blue print for post-war international
  law

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54 Attack on Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941
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55 BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
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56 FACTORS - STALINGRAD

• Brutal Russian Winter
• Scorched Earth policy of retreat stretched
  out German supply lines

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57. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike)
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58. Douglas MacArthur
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59. Battle of Coral Sea
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60. BATTLE OF MIDWAY ISLAND

• June 4-7, 1942
• 6 mos. After Pearl
• Turning pt. in Pacific
• U.S. Victory
• U.S. (Allies) go on the offensive afterwards
• Fought entirely from aircraft carriers

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60. Battle of Midway Island (continued)
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Battles Midway Island Coral Sea
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61. Trumans Bomb Decision

• Wanted quick end to war
• Wanted to minimize American lives lost
• Japanese no surrender military culture
• Land invasion of Japan would cost U.S. much blood
  
• Hiroshima August 6, 1945

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62. GI Bill of RIGHTS

• Money for returning vets
• Free college education or tech education
• (if qualified)
• Home or farm loans
• Led to Baby Boom in post-war era

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BABY BOOM c. 1945 - 1965

• 78.2 million births
• 1957 peak
• 1 infant every 7 sec

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63. FDR Japanese InternmentOrder 9066

• Reasons given
• Safety decision protection from strong
  anti-Japanese reaction by American public
• Although unproven or unfounded Fear of Japanese
  spies in USA

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64. BATTLE OF THE BULGE
WINTER 44 45
BASTOGNE, BELGIUM

• Ardennes Forest
• Centered Around
• BASTOGNE town in Belgium
• German attempt to break Allied Lines
• Ultimately unsuccessful

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Winter 1944 - 1945BASTOGNE, Belgium
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65. YALTA - Significance

• February 1945
• WWII war-time Conference
• Big Three FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
• Decide the future of the post-war world, esp.
  Europe
• Seeds for Cold War
• Stalin gets control of Eastern Europe as Buffer
  Zone

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66. The Cold War

• 45 year rivalry between USA and USSR for global
  influence
• 1945-1990

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67. Satellite

• During the Cold War
• Poland
• GDR (E. Germany)
• Czechoslovakia
• Bulgaria
• Romania (to a degree)
• DOMINATED by USSR

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68. Containment Policy

• American policy to block the Soviet spread of
  communism throughout the world

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69. Truman Doctrine

• US foreign policy
• Containment
• Originally for Greece Turkey
• Provided aid to free peoples resisting
  communist takeovers by armed minorities

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70. Marshall Plan

• 12-17 Billion provided to W.Europe by USA after
  WWII
• Help to rebuild Europe
• Logic Desperate Europe might face communist
  takeover
• Cold War move made to prevent Soviet communism
  from spreading to Western Europe

George C. Marshall Secretary of State
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71. NATO

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Military alliance btw.
• US and W. Europe
• Formed to prevent Soviet communist invasion
• An attack on one attack on all

NATO BLUE NATIONS
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72. WARSAW PACT

• Soviet response to NATO
• Claimed to be a voluntary alliance

WARSAW PACT RED
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73. THE U-2 INCIDENT

• May 1, 1960
• U-2 spy plane shot down over USSR
• Pilot Gary Francis Powers captured
• Put on trial
• Huge propaganda show for USSR

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Soviet Union Satellites 1945-1991
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JamesDean

• 50
• 2nd
• Study
• Guide

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Marlon Brando
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Jack Kerouac
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On the Road - Jack Kerouac

• Sal, we gotta go and never stop goin till we
  get there. Jack Kerouac Beat Writer

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31 Edward R. Murrow
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30 Senator Joe McCarthy

• Claimed to have a list of known communists that
  are secretly part of the US govt.
• Ruined peoples lives