Halliday/Resnick/Walker Fundamentals of Physics 8th edition

1
Halliday/Resnick/WalkerFundamentals of Physics
8th edition

• Classroom Response System Questions

Chapter 17 Waves II
Reading Quiz Questions
2
17.2.1. What is the term used to describe the
surfaces over which the oscillations due to a
sound wave have the same value? a) rays b)
wave packets c) beats d) phasors e) wave
fronts
3
17.2.1. What is the term used to describe the
surfaces over which the oscillations due to a
sound wave have the same value? a) rays b)
wave packets c) beats d) phasors e) wave
fronts
4
17.2.2. What is the term used to describe the
directed lines that are perpendicular to
wavefronts and indicate their direction of
travel? a) rays b) wave packets c)
beats d) phasors e) phonons
5
17.2.2. What is the term used to describe the
directed lines that are perpendicular to
wavefronts and indicate their direction of
travel? a) rays b) wave packets c)
beats d) phasors e) phonons
6
17.3.1. Which one of the following expressions
correctly gives the relationship between the
speed of sound v in a medium and the properties
of that medium? a) b) c) d) The speed is
only proportional to the inertial property. e)
The speed is only proportional to the elastic
property.
7
17.3.1. Which one of the following expressions
correctly gives the relationship between the
speed of sound v in a medium and the properties
of that medium? a) b) c) d) The speed is
only proportional to the inertial property. e)
The speed is only proportional to the elastic
property.
8
17.3.2. Which one of the following statements
concerning the speed of sound in a medium is
true? a) The speed of sound is greater for
materials that have larger densities than it is
for materials that have smaller densities and all
other properties equal. b) The speed of sound
is greater for materials that have smaller
densities than it is for materials that have
larger densities and all other properties
equal. c) The speed of sound is greater for
materials that have larger mass than it is for
materials that have smaller mass and all other
properties equal. d) The speed of sound is
greater for materials that have smaller bulk
modulus than it is for materials that have s
larger bulk modulus and all other properties
equal.
9
17.3.2. Which one of the following statements
concerning the speed of sound in a medium is
true? a) The speed of sound is greater for
materials that have larger densities than it is
for materials that have smaller densities and all
other properties equal. b) The speed of sound
is greater for materials that have smaller
densities than it is for materials that have
larger densities and all other properties
equal. c) The speed of sound is greater for
materials that have larger mass than it is for
materials that have smaller mass and all other
properties equal. d) The speed of sound is
greater for materials that have smaller bulk
modulus than it is for materials that have s
larger bulk modulus and all other properties
equal.
10
17.3.3. A girl is playing a trumpet. The sound
waves produced are traveling through air to your
ear. Which one of the following statements is
false concerning this situation? a) A
high-frequency sound that the trumpet produces is
interpreted as a high-pitched sound. b) Air
molecules between the trumpet and your ear
vibrate back and forth parallel to the direction
the waves are traveling. c) The loudness of the
sound wave involves the size of the oscillations
in air pressure. d) The sounds from the trumpet
are longitudinal waves. e) The sound travels at
the speed of light to your ear.
11
17.3.3. A girl is playing a trumpet. The sound
waves produced are traveling through air to your
ear. Which one of the following statements is
false concerning this situation? a) A
high-frequency sound that the trumpet produces is
interpreted as a high-pitched sound. b) Air
molecules between the trumpet and your ear
vibrate back and forth parallel to the direction
the waves are traveling. c) The loudness of the
sound wave involves the size of the oscillations
in air pressure. d) The sounds from the trumpet
are longitudinal waves. e) The sound travels at
the speed of light to your ear.
12
17.3.4. For which one of the following choices
does the speed of sound have the largest
value? a) vacuum b) air c) copper d)
alcohol e) helium
13
17.3.4. For which one of the following choices
does the speed of sound have the largest
value? a) vacuum b) air c) copper d)
alcohol e) helium
14
17.3.5. In determining the speed of sound in a
solid bar, such as one made of steel, which of
the following choices is not needed? a) density
of the bar b) bulk modulus c) Boltzmanns
constant
15
17.3.5. In determining the speed of sound in a
solid bar, such as one made of steel, which of
the following choices is not needed? a) density
of the bar b) bulk modulus c) Boltzmanns
constant
16
17.3.6. A guitar string is plucked and set into
vibration. The vibrating string disturbs the
surrounding air, resulting in a sound wave.
Which entry in the table below is correct?
17
17.3.6. A guitar string is plucked and set into
vibration. The vibrating string disturbs the
surrounding air, resulting in a sound wave.
Which entry in the table below is correct?
18
17.4.1. Which one of the following statements
concerning traveling sound waves in air is
false? a) Traveling sound waves are
longitudinal waves. b) Traveling sound waves
consist of alternating regions of compressed and
expanded air. c) A typical speed of sound in
air is 680 m/s. d) The displacement amplitude
of a traveling sound wave may be described by a
sinusoidal function. e) The pressure amplitude
is 90? out of phase relative to the displacement
amplitude of a traveling sound wave.
19
17.4.1. Which one of the following statements
concerning traveling sound waves in air is
false? a) Traveling sound waves are
longitudinal waves. b) Traveling sound waves
consist of alternating regions of compressed and
expanded air. c) A typical speed of sound in
air is 680 m/s. d) The displacement amplitude
of a traveling sound wave may be described by a
sinusoidal function. e) The pressure amplitude
is 90? out of phase relative to the displacement
amplitude of a traveling sound wave.
20
17.4.2. Which one of the following statements
concerning the pressure amplitude of a traveling
sound wave in air is false? a) The pressure
amplitude is inversely proportional to the
displacement amplitude. b) The pressure
amplitude is 90? out of phase relative to the
displacement amplitude. c) A negative value of
the pressure amplitude corresponds to an
expansion of the air. d) The pressure amplitude
depends on the air density. e) When the
displacement amplitude is at its maximum value,
the pressure amplitude is zero Pa.
21
17.4.2. Which one of the following statements
concerning the pressure amplitude of a traveling
sound wave in air is false? a) The pressure
amplitude is inversely proportional to the
displacement amplitude. b) The pressure
amplitude is 90? out of phase relative to the
displacement amplitude. c) A negative value of
the pressure amplitude corresponds to an
expansion of the air. d) The pressure amplitude
depends on the air density. e) When the
displacement amplitude is at its maximum value,
the pressure amplitude is zero Pa.
22
17.5.1. The drawing shows two sets of sound
waves, created by two sources labeled "A" and
"B." The black half-circles represent wave
crests from A, and the grey half-circles
represent wave crests from B. Suppose that
individual wave crests from either source A or
source B alone are at 5 µm relative to the
undisturbed air molecule positions. What is the
displacement of the air molecules at the point
marked "x" that is at the mid-point between to
crests on each wave? a) 10 µm b) 5 µm c)
0 d) ?5 µm e) ?10 µm
23
17.5.1. The drawing shows two sets of sound
waves, created by two sources labeled "A" and
"B." The black half-circles represent wave
crests from A, and the grey half-circles
represent wave crests from B. Suppose that
individual wave crests from either source A or
source B alone are at 5 µm relative to the
undisturbed air molecule positions. What is the
displacement of the air molecules at the point
marked "x" that is at the mid-point between to
crests on each wave? a) 10 µm b) 5 µm c)
0 d) ?5 µm e) ?10 µm
24
17.5.2. Two pulses of identical shape travel
toward each other in opposite directions on a
string, as shown in the figure. Which one of the
following statements concerning this situation is
true? a) The pulses will pass through each
other and produce beats. b) As the pulses pass
through each other, they will interfere
destructively. c) The pulses will interfere to
produce a standing wave. d) The pulses will
reflect from each other. e) The pulses will
diffract from each other.
25
17.5.2. Two pulses of identical shape travel
toward each other in opposite directions on a
string, as shown in the figure. Which one of the
following statements concerning this situation is
true? a) The pulses will pass through each
other and produce beats. b) As the pulses pass
through each other, they will interfere
destructively. c) The pulses will interfere to
produce a standing wave. d) The pulses will
reflect from each other. e) The pulses will
diffract from each other.
26
17.5.3. Sound waves are emitted from two
speakers. Which one of the following statements
about sound wave interference is false? a) In a
region where both destructive and constructive
interference occur, energy is not conserved. b)
Destructive interference occurs when two waves
are exactly out of phase when they meet. c)
Interference redistributes the energy carried by
the individual waves. d) Constructive
interference occurs when two waves are exactly in
phase when they meet. e) Sound waves undergo
diffraction as they exit each speaker.
27
17.5.3. Sound waves are emitted from two
speakers. Which one of the following statements
about sound wave interference is false? a) In a
region where both destructive and constructive
interference occur, energy is not conserved. b)
Destructive interference occurs when two waves
are exactly out of phase when they meet. c)
Interference redistributes the energy carried by
the individual waves. d) Constructive
interference occurs when two waves are exactly in
phase when they meet. e) Sound waves undergo
diffraction as they exit each speaker.
28
17.6.1. Which of the following expressions
correctly relates the amplitude sm of a sound
wave to its intensity? a) b) c) d) e)
29
17.6.1. Which of the following expressions
correctly relates the amplitude sm of a sound
wave to its intensity? a) b) c) d) e)
30
17.6.2. Complete the following statement The
intensity of sound that is emitted
isotropically a) is inversely proportional to
the square of the distance from the source. b)
is proportional to the square of the distance
from the source. c) is inversely proportional
to the square of the amplitude of the wave. d)
is proportional to the distance from the
source. e) is inversely proportional to the
distance from the source.
31
17.6.2. Complete the following statement The
intensity of sound that is emitted
isotropically a) is inversely proportional to
the square of the distance from the source. b)
is proportional to the square of the distance
from the source. c) is inversely proportional
to the square of the amplitude of the wave. d)
is proportional to the distance from the
source. e) is inversely proportional to the
distance from the source.
32
17.6.3. Complete the following statement The
power of a sound wave that is emitted
isotropically a) is inversely proportional to
the square of the distance from the source. b)
is proportional to the square of the distance
from the source. c) is inversely proportional
to the square of the amplitude of the wave. d)
is inversely proportional to the distance from
the source. e) None of the above statements are
true.
33
17.6.3. Complete the following statement The
power of a sound wave that is emitted
isotropically a) is inversely proportional to
the square of the distance from the source. b)
is proportional to the square of the distance
from the source. c) is inversely proportional
to the square of the amplitude of the wave. d)
is inversely proportional to the distance from
the source. e) None of the above statements are
true.
34
17.6.4. Which one of the following statements
best describes the concept of sound
intensity? a) Sound intensity is the amount of
energy the sound waves carries at a particular
location. b) Sound intensity is the sound power
that passes perpendicularly through a surface
divided by the amplitude of the wave. c) Sound
intensity is the amplitude of the wave. d)
Sound intensity is the constant power per unit
area of a sound wave as it travels from one
location to another. e) Sound intensity is the
sound power that passes perpendicularly through a
surface divided by the area of that surface.
35
17.6.4. Which one of the following statements
best describes the concept of sound
intensity? a) Sound intensity is the amount of
energy the sound waves carries at a particular
location. b) Sound intensity is the sound power
that passes perpendicularly through a surface
divided by the amplitude of the wave. c) Sound
intensity is the amplitude of the wave. d)
Sound intensity is the constant power per unit
area of a sound wave as it travels from one
location to another. e) Sound intensity is the
sound power that passes perpendicularly through a
surface divided by the area of that surface.
36
17.6.5. The threshold of hearing is the smallest
sound intensity that a human ear can hear. What
intensity corresponds to the threshold of
hearing? a) 10?12 W/m2 b) 10?10 W/m2 c)
10?8 W/m2 d) 10?6 W/m2 e) 10?4 W/m2
37
17.6.5. The threshold of hearing is the smallest
sound intensity that a human ear can hear. What
intensity corresponds to the threshold of
hearing? a) 10?12 W/m2 b) 10?10 W/m2 c)
10?8 W/m2 d) 10?6 W/m2 e) 10?4 W/m2
38
17.6.6. The sound intensity level is reported in
decibels. If one doubles the intensity of sound,
by what factor does the perceived loudness, in
decibels, change? a) 10 dB b) 20 dB c) 3
dB d) 2 dB e) 5 dB
39
17.6.6. The sound intensity level is reported in
decibels. If one doubles the intensity of sound,
by what factor does the perceived loudness, in
decibels, change? a) 10 dB b) 20 dB c) 3
dB d) 2 dB e) 5 dB
40
17.6.7. The sound intensity level is reported in
decibels. If the sound intensity is at the
threshold for hearing, what is the sound
intensity level in decibels? a) zero dB b) 1
dB c) 12 dB d) 10 dB e) 3 dB
41
17.6.7. The sound intensity level is reported in
decibels. If the sound intensity is at the
threshold for hearing, what is the sound
intensity level in decibels? a) zero dB b) 1
dB c) 12 dB d) 10 dB e) 3 dB
42
17.7.1. A wire of mass m and length L carries a
transverse wave. If the tension applied to the
wire is T, which one of the following statements
concerning the wave is true? a) The wavelength
of the wave depends only on L. b) The
wavelength of the wave depends on L, m, and
T. c) The speed of the wave depends on L, m,
and T. d) The speed of the wave depends only on
m and L. e) Statements (a) and (d) are both
true.
43
17.7.1. A wire of mass m and length L carries a
transverse wave. If the tension applied to the
wire is T, which one of the following statements
concerning the wave is true? a) The wavelength
of the wave depends only on L. b) The
wavelength of the wave depends on L, m, and
T. c) The speed of the wave depends on L, m,
and T. d) The speed of the wave depends only on
m and L. e) Statements (a) and (d) are both
true.
44
17.7.2. The drawings show standing waves of sound
in six organ pipes of the same length. Each pipe
has one end open and the other end closed. Some
of the drawings show situations that are not
possible. Which one(s) is(are) not possible? a)
4 only b) 1 and 4 c) 5 and 6 d) 2 and
3 e) 4 and 5
45
17.7.2. The drawings show standing waves of sound
in six organ pipes of the same length. Each pipe
has one end open and the other end closed. Some
of the drawings show situations that are not
possible. Which one(s) is(are) not possible? a)
4 only b) 1 and 4 c) 5 and 6 d) 2 and
3 e) 4 and 5
46
17.7.3. The drawings show standing waves of sound
in six organ pipes of the same length. Each pipe
has one end open and the other end closed. Some
of the drawings show situations that are not
possible. Which one of these tubes emits a sound
with the lowest frequency? a) 1 b) 2 c)
3 d) 4 e) 6
47
17.7.3. The drawings show standing waves of sound
in six organ pipes of the same length. Each pipe
has one end open and the other end closed. Some
of the drawings show situations that are not
possible. Which one of these tubes emits a sound
with the lowest frequency? a) 1 b) 2 c)
3 d) 4 e) 6
48
17.8.1. Under what conditions can you hear beats
of sound waves? a) when the wave is a standing
wave b) when the wave is refracted c) when
the wave is diffracted d) when two waves of
slightly different frequency combine e) when
two waves of slightly different amplitude combine
49
17.8.1. Under what conditions can you hear beats
of sound waves? a) when the wave is a standing
wave b) when the wave is refracted c) when
the wave is diffracted d) when two waves of
slightly different frequency combine e) when
two waves of slightly different amplitude combine
50
17.8.2. Which one of the following superpositions
will result in beats? a) the superposition of
waves that are identical except for slightly
different amplitudes b) the superposition of
waves that are identical except for slightly
different frequencies c) the superposition of
identical waves that travel in the same
direction d) the superposition of identical
waves that travel in opposite directions e) the
superposition of waves that travel with different
speeds
51
17.8.2. Which one of the following superpositions
will result in beats? a) the superposition of
waves that are identical except for slightly
different amplitudes b) the superposition of
waves that are identical except for slightly
different frequencies c) the superposition of
identical waves that travel in the same
direction d) the superposition of identical
waves that travel in opposite directions e) the
superposition of waves that travel with different
speeds
52
17.8.3. A guitar string produces 4 beats/s when
sounded with a 250 Hz tuning fork and 9 beats per
second when sounded with a 255 Hz tuning fork.
What is the vibrational frequency of the
string? a) 246 Hz b) 240 Hz c) 259 Hz d)
254 Hz e) 263 Hz
53
17.8.3. A guitar string produces 4 beats/s when
sounded with a 250 Hz tuning fork and 9 beats per
second when sounded with a 255 Hz tuning fork.
What is the vibrational frequency of the
string? a) 246 Hz b) 240 Hz c) 259 Hz d)
254 Hz e) 263 Hz
54
17.9.1. On a warm spring day, you are waiting at
a red traffic light listening to your favorite
radio station with the windows down. The driver
in a car passing you in the left turn lane at a
constant speed happens to be listening to the
same radio station. What do you notice as the
car approaches and passes you? a) The sound
from the passing car seems to be at a lower
frequency when approaching and at a higher
frequency when moving away compared to the sound
from your radio. b) The sound from the passing
car seems to be at a higher frequency when
approaching and at a lower frequency when moving
away compared to the sound from your radio. c)
As the car approaches, the shift to higher
frequencies increases as the distance decreases
between the two cars. d) As the car approaches,
the shift to lower frequencies increases as the
distance decreases between the two cars. e) As
the car approaches, the shift to lower
frequencies decreases as the distance decreases
between the two cars.
55
17.9.1. On a warm spring day, you are waiting at
a red traffic light listening to your favorite
radio station with the windows down. The driver
in a car passing you in the left turn lane at a
constant speed happens to be listening to the
same radio station. What do you notice as the
car approaches and passes you? a) The sound
from the passing car seems to be at a lower
frequency when approaching and at a higher
frequency when moving away compared to the sound
from your radio. b) The sound from the passing
car seems to be at a higher frequency when
approaching and at a lower frequency when moving
away compared to the sound from your radio. c)
As the car approaches, the shift to higher
frequencies increases as the distance decreases
between the two cars. d) As the car approaches,
the shift to lower frequencies increases as the
distance decreases between the two cars. e) As
the car approaches, the shift to lower
frequencies decreases as the distance decreases
between the two cars.
56
17.9.2. Which of the following occurs when the
Doppler effect is produced by a moving source of
sound? a) interference b) superposition c)
sound intensity changes d) frequency
changes e) beats
57
17.9.2. Which of the following occurs when the
Doppler effect is produced by a moving source of
sound? a) interference b) superposition c)
sound intensity changes d) frequency
changes e) beats
58
17.9.3. Astronomers can determine the velocity of
a galaxy relative to the Earth by observing the
light waves emitted by certain elements. If the
light frequency from hydrogen atoms is shifted
toward a lower frequency as compared to the light
emitted from hydrogen atoms on Earth, which one
of the following statements correctly describes
the velocity of the galaxy? a) The galaxy is
moving away from the Earth. b) The galaxy is
moving toward the Earth. c) The galaxy is
moving along a direction that is perpendicular to
the line connecting the Earth and the galaxy. d)
The galaxy is not moving relative to the
Earth. e) There is too little information given
to determine the direction of the velocity of the
galaxy.
59
17.9.3. Astronomers can determine the velocity of
a galaxy relative to the Earth by observing the
light waves emitted by certain elements. If the
light frequency from hydrogen atoms is shifted
toward a lower frequency as compared to the light
emitted from hydrogen atoms on Earth, which one
of the following statements correctly describes
the velocity of the galaxy? a) The galaxy is
moving away from the Earth. b) The galaxy is
moving toward the Earth. c) The galaxy is
moving along a direction that is perpendicular to
the line connecting the Earth and the galaxy. d)
The galaxy is not moving relative to the
Earth. e) There is too little information given
to determine the direction of the velocity of the
galaxy.
60
17.9.4. You are riding a bicycle along the side
of a road when an ambulance comes up behind you
with its siren on. As the ambulance passes, you
notice that the sound of the siren changes. How
does it change as it passes? a) The frequency
decreases and then increases. b) The frequency
increases and then decreases. c) The frequency
continually increases. d) The frequency
continually decreases. e) The frequency
decreases to a lower frequency.
61
17.9.4. You are riding a bicycle along the side
of a road when an ambulance comes up behind you
with its siren on. As the ambulance passes, you
notice that the sound of the siren changes. How
does it change as it passes? a) The frequency
decreases and then increases. b) The frequency
increases and then decreases. c) The frequency
continually increases. d) The frequency
continually decreases. e) The frequency
decreases to a lower frequency.
62
17.9.5. In the formulas for calculating the
frequency an observer hears during the Doppler
effect, what is the term vS? a) speed of the
observer b) speed of sound c) speed of the
source d) speed of light e) wind speed
63
17.9.5. In the formulas for calculating the
frequency an observer hears during the Doppler
effect, what is the term vS? a) speed of the
observer b) speed of sound c) speed of the
source d) speed of light e) wind speed
64
17.10.1. Under which of the following conditions
does a shock wave occur? a) when two waves of
differing frequencies superpose b) when the
temperature of air is greater than the
temperature of the source of the sound c) when
the pressure amplitude exceeds the maximum
pressure amplitude that the human ear can
tolerate d) when the source of a sound wave
exceeds the speed of sound e) when the sound
intensity level exceeds 130 dB
65
17.10.1. Under which of the following conditions
does a shock wave occur? a) when two waves of
differing frequencies superpose b) when the
temperature of air is greater than the
temperature of the source of the sound c) when
the pressure amplitude exceeds the maximum
pressure amplitude that the human ear can
tolerate d) when the source of a sound wave
exceeds the speed of sound e) when the sound
intensity level exceeds 130 dB