HallidayResnickWalker Fundamentals of Physics 8th edition

1
Halliday/Resnick/WalkerFundamentals of Physics
8th edition

• Seminar/Lab fast quiz questions

Chapters 1-4
Extra points for good enough score
2
1.3.2. Which one of the following choices is
equivalent to 8.0 m2? a) 8.0 104 cm2 b)
8.0 102 cm2 c) 8.0 102 cm2 d) 8.0 104
cm2 e) 8.0 103 cm2
3
1.3.2. Which one of the following choices is
equivalent to 8.0 m2? a) 8.0 104 cm2 b)
8.0 102 cm2 c) 8.0 102 cm2 d) 8.0 104
cm2 e) 8.0 103 cm2
4
1.4.6. Approximately how many seconds are there
in a century? a) 86 400 s b) 5.0 106 s c)
3.3 1018 s d) 3.2 109 s e) 8.6 104 s
5
1.4.6. Approximately how many seconds are there
in a century? a) 86 400 s b) 5.0 106 s c)
3.3 1018 s d) 3.2 109 s e) 8.6 104 s
6
1.4.7. A glacier is receding at a constant rate
of 0.4 cm per day. After 3.0 years, by what
length has the glacier receded? Express your
answer in meters. a) 17.1 m b) 4.38 m c)
9.82 m d) 1.46 m e) 12.7 m
7
1.4.7. A glacier is receding at a constant rate
of 0.4 cm per day. After 3.0 years, by what
length has the glacier receded? Express your
answer in meters. a) 17.1 m b) 4.38 m c)
9.82 m d) 1.46 m e) 12.7 m
8
1.5.1. A unit of length used in astronomy and in
the area of physics called special relativity is
the light-year. The light-year (ly) is defined
as the distance that light travels in vacuum in a
one year interval of time. Estimate the order of
magnitude of the number of kilometers in one
light-year. a) 7 b) 9 c) 11 d) 13 e) 15
9
1.5.1. A unit of length used in astronomy and in
the area of physics called special relativity is
the light-year. The light-year (ly) is defined
as the distance that light travels in vacuum in a
one year interval of time. Estimate the order of
magnitude of the number of kilometers in one
light-year. a) 7 b) 9 c) 11 d) 13 e) 15
10
1.6.2. Consider each of the following comparisons
between various time units. Which one of these
comparisons is false? a) 84 600 s 1 day b)
1 h gt 3000 s c) 1 ns gt 1000 µs d) 1 s 1000
ms e) 1 y 5.26 105 h
11
1.6.2. Consider each of the following comparisons
between various time units. Which one of these
comparisons is false? a) 84 600 s 1 day b)
1 h gt 3000 s c) 1 ns gt 1000 µs d) 1 s 1000
ms e) 1 y 5.26 105 h
12
2.5.2. A turtle and a rabbit are to have a race.
The turtles average speed is 0.9 m/s. The
rabbits average speed is 9 m/s. The distance
from the starting line to the finish line is 1500
m. The rabbit decides to let the turtle run
before he starts running to give the turtle a
head start. What, approximately, is the maximum
time the rabbit can wait before starting to run
and still win the race? a) 15 minutes b) 18
minutes c) 20 minutes d) 22 minutes e) 25
minutes
13
2.5.2. A turtle and a rabbit are to have a race.
The turtles average speed is 0.9 m/s. The
rabbits average speed is 9 m/s. The distance
from the starting line to the finish line is 1500
m. The rabbit decides to let the turtle run
before he starts running to give the turtle a
head start. What, approximately, is the maximum
time the rabbit can wait before starting to run
and still win the race? a) 15 minutes b) 18
minutes c) 20 minutes d) 22 minutes e) 25
minutes
14
2.5.4. A dog is initially walking due east. He
stops, noticing a cat behind him. He runs due
west and stops when the cat disappears into some
bushes. He starts walking due east again. Then,
a motorcycle passes him and he runs due east
after it. The dog gets tired and stops running.
Which of the following graphs correctly represent
the position versus time of the dog?
15
2.5.4. A dog is initially walking due east. He
stops, noticing a cat behind him. He runs due
west and stops when the cat disappears into some
bushes. He starts walking due east again. Then,
a motorcycle passes him and he runs due east
after it. The dog gets tired and stops running.
Which of the following graphs correctly represent
the position versus time of the dog?
16
2.6.3. Complete the following statement For an
object moving with a negative velocity and a
positive acceleration, the distance traveled a)
increases for each second that the object
moves. b) is the same regardless of the time
that the object moves. c) is the same for each
second that the object moves. d) cannot be
determined, even if the elapsed time is
known. e) decreases for each second that the
object moves.
17
2.6.3. Complete the following statement For an
object moving with a negative velocity and a
positive acceleration, the distance traveled a)
increases for each second that the object
moves. b) is the same regardless of the time
that the object moves. c) is the same for each
second that the object moves. d) cannot be
determined, even if the elapsed time is
known. e) decreases for each second that the
object moves.
18
2.6.5. At one particular moment, a subway train
is moving with a positive velocity and negative
acceleration. Which of the following phrases
best describes the motion of this train? Assume
the front of the train is pointing in the
positive x direction. a) The train is moving
forward as it slows down. b) The train is
moving in reverse as it slows down. c) The
train is moving faster as it moves forward. d)
The train is moving faster as it moves in
reverse. e) There is no way to determine
whether the train is moving forward or in reverse.
19
2.6.5. At one particular moment, a subway train
is moving with a positive velocity and negative
acceleration. Which of the following phrases
best describes the motion of this train? Assume
the front of the train is pointing in the
positive x direction. a) The train is moving
forward as it slows down. b) The train is
moving in reverse as it slows down. c) The
train is moving faster as it moves forward. d)
The train is moving faster as it moves in
reverse. e) There is no way to determine
whether the train is moving forward or in reverse.
20
2.6.7. In an air race, two planes are traveling
due east. Plane One has a larger acceleration
than Plane Two. Both accelerations are in the
same direction. Which one of the following
statements is true concerning this situation? a)
In the same time interval, the change in the
velocity of the Plane Two is greater than that
of Plane One. b) In the same time interval,
the change in the velocity of the Plane One is
greater than that of Plane Two. c) Within the
time interval, the velocity of the Plane Two
remains greater than that of Plane One. d)
Within the time interval, the velocity of the
Plane One remains greater than that of Plane
Two. e) Too little information is given to
compare the velocities of the planes or how the
velocities are changing.
21
2.6.7. In an air race, two planes are traveling
due east. Plane One has a larger acceleration
than Plane Two. Both accelerations are in the
same direction. Which one of the following
statements is true concerning this situation? a)
In the same time interval, the change in the
velocity of the Plane Two is greater than that
of Plane One. b) In the same time interval,
the change in the velocity of the Plane One is
greater than that of Plane Two. c) Within the
time interval, the velocity of the Plane Two
remains greater than that of Plane One. d)
Within the time interval, the velocity of the
Plane One remains greater than that of Plane
Two. e) Too little information is given to
compare the velocities of the planes or how the
velocities are changing.
22
2.6.8. Two cars travel along a level highway. An
observer notices that the distance between the
cars is increasing. Which one of the following
statements concerning this situation is
necessarily true? a) Both cars could be
accelerating at the same rate. b) The leading
car has the greater acceleration. c) The
trailing car has the smaller acceleration. d)
The velocity of each car is increasing. e) At
least one of the cars has a non-zero acceleration.
23
2.6.8. Two cars travel along a level highway. An
observer notices that the distance between the
cars is increasing. Which one of the following
statements concerning this situation is
necessarily true? a) Both cars could be
accelerating at the same rate. b) The leading
car has the greater acceleration. c) The
trailing car has the smaller acceleration. d)
The velocity of each car is increasing. e) At
least one of the cars has a non-zero acceleration.
24
2.7.2. An airplane starts from rest at the end of
a runway and accelerates at a constant rate. In
the first second, the airplane travels 1.11 m.
What is the speed of the airplane at the end of
the second second? a) 1.11 m/s b) 2.22
m/s c) 3.33 m/s d) 4.44 m/s e) 5.55 m/s
25
2.7.2. An airplane starts from rest at the end of
a runway and accelerates at a constant rate. In
the first second, the airplane travels 1.11 m.
What is the speed of the airplane at the end of
the second second? a) 1.11 m/s b) 2.22
m/s c) 3.33 m/s d) 4.44 m/s e) 5.55 m/s
26
2.7.5. Consider the graph the position versus
time graph shown. Which curve on the graph best
represents a constantly accelerating car? a)
A b) B c) C d) D e) None of the curves
represent a constantly accelerating car.
27
2.7.5. Consider the graph the position versus
time graph shown. Which curve on the graph best
represents a constantly accelerating car? a)
A b) B c) C d) D e) None of the curves
represent a constantly accelerating car.
28
2.7.6. Consider the graph the position versus
time graph shown. Which curve on the graph best
represents a car that is initially moving in one
direction and then reverses directions? a)
A b) B c) C d) D e) None of the curves
represent a car moving in one direction then
reversing its direction.
29
2.7.6. Consider the graph the position versus
time graph shown. Which curve on the graph best
represents a car that is initially moving in one
direction and then reverses directions? a)
A b) B c) C d) D e) None of the curves
represent a car moving in one direction then
reversing its direction.
30
2.9.1. Two identical ping-pong balls are selected
for a physics demonstration. A tiny hole is
drilled in one of the balls and the ball is
filled with water. The hole is sealed so that no
water can escape. The two balls are then dropped
from rest at the exact same time from the roof of
a building. Assuming there is no wind, which one
of the following statements is true? a) The two
balls reach the ground at the same time. b)
The heavier ball reaches the ground a long time
before the lighter ball. c) The heavier ball
reaches the ground just before the lighter
ball. d) The heavier ball has a much larger
velocity when it strikes the ground than the
light ball. e) The heavier ball has a slightly
larger velocity when it strikes the ground than
the light ball.
31
2.9.1. Two identical ping-pong balls are selected
for a physics demonstration. A tiny hole is
drilled in one of the balls and the ball is
filled with water. The hole is sealed so that no
water can escape. The two balls are then dropped
from rest at the exact same time from the roof of
a building. Assuming there is no wind, which one
of the following statements is true? a) The two
balls reach the ground at the same time. b)
The heavier ball reaches the ground a long time
before the lighter ball. c) The heavier ball
reaches the ground just before the lighter
ball. d) The heavier ball has a much larger
velocity when it strikes the ground than the
light ball. e) The heavier ball has a slightly
larger velocity when it strikes the ground than
the light ball.
32
3.3.1. Which expression is false concerning the
vectors shown in the sketch? a) b) c) d)
C lt A B e) A2 B2 C2
33
3.3.1. Which expression is false concerning the
vectors shown in the sketch? a) b) c) d)
C lt A B e) A2 B2 C2
34
3.3.3. Two vectors and are added together
to form a vector The relationship between the
magnitudes of the vectors is given by a b c.
Which one of the following statements concerning
these vectors is true? a) and must point
in the same direction. b) and must be
displacements. c) and must be at right
angles to each other. d) and must point
in opposite directions. e) and must have
equal lengths.
35
3.3.3. Two vectors and are added together
to form a vector The relationship between the
magnitudes of the vectors is given by a b c.
Which one of the following statements concerning
these vectors is true? a) and must point
in the same direction. b) and must be
displacements. c) and must be at right
angles to each other. d) and must point
in opposite directions. e) and must have
equal lengths.
36
3.3.5. What is the minimum number of vectors with
unequal magnitudes whose vector sum can be
zero? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) 6
37
3.3.5. What is the minimum number of vectors with
unequal magnitudes whose vector sum can be
zero? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) 6
38
3.3.7. A physics student adds two displacement
vectors with magnitudes of 8.0 km and 6.0 km.
Which one of the following statements is true
concerning the magnitude of the resultant
displacement? a) The magnitude must be 14.0
km. b) The magnitude must be 10.0 km. c) The
magnitude could be equal to zero kilometers,
depending on how the vectors are oriented. d)
The magnitude could have any value between 2.0 km
and 14.0 km, depending on how the vectors are
oriented. e) No conclusion can be reached
without knowing the directions of the vectors.
39
3.3.7. A physics student adds two displacement
vectors with magnitudes of 8.0 km and 6.0 km.
Which one of the following statements is true
concerning the magnitude of the resultant
displacement? a) The magnitude must be 14.0
km. b) The magnitude must be 10.0 km. c) The
magnitude could be equal to zero kilometers,
depending on how the vectors are oriented. d)
The magnitude could have any value between 2.0 km
and 14.0 km, depending on how the vectors are
oriented. e) No conclusion can be reached
without knowing the directions of the vectors.
40
3.4.6. Consider the two vectors shown. Complete
the following statement The component of vector
along vector is a) equal to zero. b)
smaller than B. c) equal to B. d) larger
than B. e) perpendicular to vector .
41
3.4.6. Consider the two vectors shown. Complete
the following statement The component of vector
along vector is a) equal to zero. b)
smaller than B. c) equal to B. d) larger
than B. e) perpendicular to vector .
42
3.4.7. In a two-dimensional coordinate system,
the angle between the positive x axis and vector
is ?. Which one of the following choices is
the expression to determine the x-component of
? a) A sin ? b) A tan ? c) A cos ? d) A
cos?1 ? e) A/sin ?
43
3.4.7. In a two-dimensional coordinate system,
the angle between the positive x axis and vector
is ?. Which one of the following choices is
the expression to determine the x-component of
? a) A sin ? b) A tan ? c) A cos ? d) A
cos?1 ? e) A/sin ?
44
3.8.1. Consider the various vectors given in the
choices below. The cross product of which pair
of vectors is equal to zero?
45
3.8.1. Consider the various vectors given in the
choices below. The cross product of which pair
of vectors is equal to zero?
46
3.8.3. What is the vector product, ,
if a) zero b) c) d) e) 8.3
47
3.8.3. What is the vector product, ,
if a) zero b) c) d) e) 8.3
48
4.3.1. In two-dimensional motion in the x-y
plane, what is the relationship between the x
part of the motion to the y part of the
motion? a) The x part of the motion is
independent of the y part of the motion. b) The
y part of the motion goes as the square of the x
part of the motion. c) The x part of the motion
is linearly dependent on the y part of the
motion. d) The x part of the motion goes as the
square of the y part of the motion. e) If the y
part of the motion is in the vertical direction,
then x part of the motion is dependent on the y
part.
49
4.3.1. In two-dimensional motion in the x-y
plane, what is the relationship between the x
part of the motion to the y part of the
motion? a) The x part of the motion is
independent of the y part of the motion. b) The
y part of the motion goes as the square of the x
part of the motion. c) The x part of the motion
is linearly dependent on the y part of the
motion. d) The x part of the motion goes as the
square of the y part of the motion. e) If the y
part of the motion is in the vertical direction,
then x part of the motion is dependent on the y
part.
50
4.4.2. A ball is rolling down one hill and up
another as shown. Points A and B are at the same
height. How do the velocity and acceleration
change as the ball rolls from point A to point
B? a) The velocity and acceleration are the
same at both points. b) The velocity and the
magnitude of the acceleration are the same at
both points, but the direction of the
acceleration is opposite at B to the direction it
had at A. c) The acceleration and the magnitude
of the velocity are the same at both points, but
the direction of the velocity is opposite at B to
the direction it had at A. d) The horizontal
component of the velocity is the same at points A
and B, but the vertical component of the
velocity has the same magnitude, but the opposite
sign at B. The acceleration at points A and B is
the same. e) The vertical component of the
velocity is the same at points A and B, but the
horizontal component of the velocity has the same
magnitude, but the opposite sign at B. The
acceleration at points A and B has the same
magnitude, but opposite direction.
51
4.4.2. A ball is rolling down one hill and up
another as shown. Points A and B are at the same
height. How do the velocity and acceleration
change as the ball rolls from point A to point
B? a) The velocity and acceleration are the
same at both points. b) The velocity and the
magnitude of the acceleration are the same at
both points, but the direction of the
acceleration is opposite at B to the direction it
had at A. c) The acceleration and the magnitude
of the velocity are the same at both points, but
the direction of the velocity is opposite at B to
the direction it had at A. d) The horizontal
component of the velocity is the same at points A
and B, but the vertical component of the
velocity has the same magnitude, but the opposite
sign at B. The acceleration at points A and B is
the same. e) The vertical component of the
velocity is the same at points A and B, but the
horizontal component of the velocity has the same
magnitude, but the opposite sign at B. The
acceleration at points A and B has the same
magnitude, but opposite direction.
52
4.4.3. A space craft is initially traveling
toward Mars. As the craft approaches the planet,
rockets are fired and the spacecraft temporarily
stops and reorients itself. Then, at time t 0
s, the rockets again fire causing the craft to
move toward Mars with a constant acceleration.
At time t, the crafts displacement is and its
velocity . Assuming the acceleration is
constant, what would be its displacement and
velocity at time 3t? a) 3 and 3 b) 4
and 2 c) 6 and 3 d) 9 and 3 e) 9
and 6
53
4.4.3. A space craft is initially traveling
toward Mars. As the craft approaches the planet,
rockets are fired and the spacecraft temporarily
stops and reorients itself. Then, at time t 0
s, the rockets again fire causing the craft to
move toward Mars with a constant acceleration.
At time t, the crafts displacement is and its
velocity . Assuming the acceleration is
constant, what would be its displacement and
velocity at time 3t? a) 3 and 3 b) 4
and 2 c) 6 and 3 d) 9 and 3 e) 9
and 6
54
4.5.1. A bullet is aimed at a target on the wall
a distance L away from the firing position.
Because of gravity, the bullet strikes the wall a
distance ?y below the mark as suggested in the
figure. Note The drawing is not to scale. If
the distance L was half as large, and the bullet
had the same initial velocity, how would ?y be
affected? a) ?y will double. b) ?y will be
half as large. c) ?y will be one fourth as
large. d) ?y will be four times larger. e) It
is not possible to determine unless numerical
values are given for the distances.
55
4.5.1. A bullet is aimed at a target on the wall
a distance L away from the firing position.
Because of gravity, the bullet strikes the wall a
distance ?y below the mark as suggested in the
figure. Note The drawing is not to scale. If
the distance L was half as large, and the bullet
had the same initial velocity, how would ?y be
affected? a) ?y will double. b) ?y will be
half as large. c) ?y will be one fourth as
large. d) ?y will be four times larger. e) It
is not possible to determine unless numerical
values are given for the distances.
56
4.5.2. A bicyclist is riding at a constant speed
along a horizontal, straight-line path. The
rider throws a ball straight up to a height a few
meters above her head. Ignoring air resistance,
where will the ball land? a) in front of the
rider b) behind the rider c) in the opposite
hand to the one that threw it d) in the same
hand that threw the ball e) This cannot be
determined without knowing the speed of the rider
and the maximum height of the ball.
57
4.5.2. A bicyclist is riding at a constant speed
along a horizontal, straight-line path. The
rider throws a ball straight up to a height a few
meters above her head. Ignoring air resistance,
where will the ball land? a) in front of the
rider b) behind the rider c) in the opposite
hand to the one that threw it d) in the same
hand that threw the ball e) This cannot be
determined without knowing the speed of the rider
and the maximum height of the ball.
58
4.5.4. Packages A and B are dropped from the same
height simultaneously. Package A is dropped from
an airplane that is flying due east at constant
speed. Package B is dropped from rest from a
helicopter hovering in a stationary position
above the ground. Ignoring air friction effects,
which of the following statements is true? a) A
and B reach the ground at the same time, but B
has a greater velocity in the vertical
direction. b) A and B reach the ground at the
same time and they have the same velocity in
the vertical direction. c) A and B reach the
ground at different times because B has a greater
velocity in both the horizontal and vertical
directions. d) A and B reach the ground at
different times and they have the same velocity
in the vertical direction. e) A reaches the
ground first because it falls straight down,
while B has to travel much further than A.
59
4.5.4. Packages A and B are dropped from the same
height simultaneously. Package A is dropped from
an airplane that is flying due east at constant
speed. Package B is dropped from rest from a
helicopter hovering in a stationary position
above the ground. Ignoring air friction effects,
which of the following statements is true? a) A
and B reach the ground at the same time, but B
has a greater velocity in the vertical
direction. b) A and B reach the ground at the
same time and they have the same velocity in
the vertical direction. c) A and B reach the
ground at different times because B has a greater
velocity in both the horizontal and vertical
directions. d) A and B reach the ground at
different times and they have the same velocity
in the vertical direction. e) A reaches the
ground first because it falls straight down,
while B has to travel much further than A.
60
4.7.1. A ball is whirled on the end of a string
in a horizontal circle of radius R at constant
speed v. By which one of the following means can
the centripetal acceleration of the ball be
increased by a factor of two? a) Keep the
radius fixed and increase the period by a factor
of two. b) Keep the radius fixed and decrease
the period by a factor of two. c) Keep the
speed fixed and increase the radius by a factor
of two. d) Keep the speed fixed and decrease
the radius by a factor of two. e) Keep the
radius fixed and increase the speed by a factor
of two.
61
4.7.1. A ball is whirled on the end of a string
in a horizontal circle of radius R at constant
speed v. By which one of the following means can
the centripetal acceleration of the ball be
increased by a factor of two? a) Keep the
radius fixed and increase the period by a factor
of two. b) Keep the radius fixed and decrease
the period by a factor of two. c) Keep the
speed fixed and increase the radius by a factor
of two. d) Keep the speed fixed and decrease
the radius by a factor of two. e) Keep the
radius fixed and increase the speed by a factor
of two.
62
4.8.1. At an air show, three planes are flying
horizontally due east. The velocity of plane A
relative to plane B is vAB the velocity of plane
A relative to plane C is vAC and the velocity of
plane B relative to plane C is vBC. Determine
vAB if vAC 10 m/s and vBC 20 m/s? a) ?10
m/s b) 10 m/s c) ?20 m/s d) 20 m/s e)
zero m/s
63
4.8.1. At an air show, three planes are flying
horizontally due east. The velocity of plane A
relative to plane B is vAB the velocity of plane
A relative to plane C is vAC and the velocity of
plane B relative to plane C is vBC. Determine
vAB if vAC 10 m/s and vBC 20 m/s? a) ?10
m/s b) 10 m/s c) ?20 m/s d) 20 m/s e)
zero m/s
64
4.8.4. Cars A and B are moving away from each
other as car A moves due north at 25 m/s with
respect to the ground and car B moves due south
at 15 m/s with respect to the ground. What are
the velocities of the other car according to the
two drivers? a) Car A is moving due north at 25
m/s and car B is moving due south at 15 m/s. b)
Car A is moving due south at 25 m/s and car B
is moving due north at 15 m/s. c) Car A is
moving due north at 40 m/s and car B is moving
due south at 40 m/s. d) Car A is moving due
south at 40 m/s and car B is moving due north at
40 m/s. e) Car A is moving due north at 15 m/s
and car B is moving due south at 25 m/s.
65
4.8.4. Cars A and B are moving away from each
other as car A moves due north at 25 m/s with
respect to the ground and car B moves due south
at 15 m/s with respect to the ground. What are
the velocities of the other car according to the
two drivers? a) Car A is moving due north at 25
m/s and car B is moving due south at 15 m/s. b)
Car A is moving due south at 25 m/s and car B
is moving due north at 15 m/s. c) Car A is
moving due north at 40 m/s and car B is moving
due south at 40 m/s. d) Car A is moving due
south at 40 m/s and car B is moving due north at
40 m/s. e) Car A is moving due north at 15 m/s
and car B is moving due south at 25 m/s.
66
4.9.2. A boat attempts to cross a river. The
boats speed with respect to the water is 12.0
m/s. The speed of the river current with respect
to the river bank is 6.0 m/s. At what angle
should the boat be directed so that it crosses
the river to a point directly across from its
starting point? a) 45.0? b) 26.6? c)
30.0? d) 53.1? e) 60.0?
67
4.9.2. A boat attempts to cross a river. The
boats speed with respect to the water is 12.0
m/s. The speed of the river current with respect
to the river bank is 6.0 m/s. At what angle
should the boat be directed so that it crosses
the river to a point directly across from its
starting point? a) 45.0? b) 26.6? c)
30.0? d) 53.1? e) 60.0?