The Diversity of Life

1
The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of
Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote
Domains Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain
Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green algal ancestors
2
The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of
Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote
Domains Bacteria and Archaea IV. The Domain
Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green algal ancestors
Alternation of generation
3
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences
4
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences
Light and oxygen are available at the surface
algae limited by lack of nutrients
Nutrients (released by decomposition) are
available at depth
5
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences
Light and oxygen are available at the surface
algae limited by lack of nutrients
Nutrient inputs from the landscape (fertilizer
runoff) cause algal blooms and dead zones in
marine environments.
Nutrients (released by decomposition) are
available at depth
6
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences
Water in soil
nutrients in soil
Terrestrial environments provide photosynthetic
organisms with more light, oxygen, and nutrients,
but it is DESICCATING
7
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution
Adapting to Land
8
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution
Adapting to Land 4. Non-tracheophytes
a. Groups i. Liverworts ii.
Hornworts iii. Mosses
http//taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/bryo.htm
http//www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.h
tm
http//www.bio.miami.edu/dana/226/226F08_14print.h
tml
9
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 1. Green
algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land
Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution
Adapting to Land 4. Non-tracheophytes
a. Groups b. Characteristics -
lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) -
inefficient water transport - short - lack true
organs (defined by the presence of vascular
tissue) - some have a very thin waxy cuticle
- some have stomates
XYLEM
http//bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/learning/resources/pla
nt_form_function/plant_form/vascular_ground_tissue
s.html
http//www.brynmawr.edu/biology/franklin/Bio103Key
.htm
10
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes a. Groups
b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm
directly into the environment - have a dominant
gametophyte generation, and a short-lived,
ephemeral sporophyte
http//www.eplantscience.com/index_files/alteratio
n_of_generation.php
http//lima.osu.edu/biology/archive/bryophyt.html
11
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes a. Groups
b. Characteristics - release flagellated sperm
directly into the environment - have a dominant
gametophyte generation, and a short-lived,
ephemeral sporophyte
http//ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/biology/lab/102/lab2
2.html
12
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes a. Groups
b. Characteristics c. History
Liverwort spores from Argentina, 470
mya Rubinstein, et. al. 2010. Early Middle
Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina
(eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188 365-369
http//hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2010/10/
oldest-land-plants.html
http//mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/ll125/en/life-3.h
tm
13
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes a.
Characteristics
Vascular tissue
http//manravbioeducation.blogspot.com/2007/08/tra
nsport-of-materials-in-plants.html
Xylem water up Phloem sugars down
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes a.
Characteristics
Dominant Sporophyte
http//www.plantbiology.siu.edu/plb304/lecture07pt
erid/ferns.html
15
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes (one vein per leaf
) ii. Euphyllophytes (multiple veins per
leaf)
http//www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/bio101/lv
ps.html
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes
Barangwanathia 420 mya
http//www.geol.umd.edu/tholtz/G102/102mpal2.htm
Lepidodendron was a canopy species (100 ft tall,
3ft in diameter) in the Carboniferous Period
(360-300 mya) ferns and other Lycophytes were in
the understory.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileMeyers_b15_s0272
b.jpg
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Selaginella, a Spikemoss
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes
Lycopodium, a Clubmoss
http//mygarden.uphero.com/ferns06.htm
Isoetes, a quillwort
http//ashscience7.wikispaces.com/PlantClassifica
tion
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes
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IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants 4.
Non-tracheophytes 5. Tracheophytes b.
Groups i. Lycopodiophytes
http//universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htm
http//mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/ll125/en/life-3.h
tm