Chapter 26

1
Chapter 26 The Reproductive System
100,000 sperm and youre the fastest?
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums Oh My
Women are from Venus
Men are from Mars
Ovary Ovation
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FINAL ROUND
2
Men are from Mars 100 Question

• What will happen to the penis if the arteries
  within the penis dilate?
• a. The male becomes impotent.
• b. Nitric oxide ceases to be released and the
  penis becomes flaccid.
• c. The male attains an erection.
• d. The male ejaculates.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
3
Men are from Mars 100 Answer

• What will happen to the penis if the arteries
  within the penis dilate?
• a. The male becomes impotent.
• b. Nitric oxide ceases to be released and the
  penis becomes flaccid.
• c. The male attains an erection.
• d. The male ejaculates.

BACK TO GAME
4
Men are from Mars 200 Question

• On a warm day, why will the cremaster muscle be
  relaxed?
• a. Normal sperm development depends on the testes
  being 1.1oC warmer than body temperature.
• b. Healthy levels of testosterone are maintained
  by fluctuations of the cremaster muscle.
• c. Normal sperm development depends on the testes
  being 1.1oC cooler than body temperature.
• d. A and B are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
5
Men are from Mars 200 Answer

• On a warm day, why will the cremaster muscle be
  relaxed?
• a. Normal sperm development depends on the testes
  being 1.1oC warmer than body temperature.
• b. Healthy levels of testosterone are maintained
  by fluctuations of the cremaster muscle.
• c. Normal sperm development depends on the testes
  being 1.1oC cooler than body temperature.
• d. A and B are correct.

BACK TO GAME
6
Men are from Mars 300 Question

• Which structures move with the testes during
  their descent from the abdomen?
• a. Testicular artery, spermatic cord, and seminal
  vesicles
• b. Ductus deferens, testicular artery, lymph
  vessels, and nerves
• c. Lymph vessels, gubernaculum testis, and a
  pocket of peritoneal cavity
• d. Testicular artery, spermatozoa, and semen

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
7
Men are from Mars 300 Answer

• Which structures move with the testes during
  their descent from the abdomen?
• a. Testicular artery, spermatic cord, and seminal
  vesicles
• b. Ductus deferens, testicular artery, lymph
  vessels, and nerves
• c. Lymph vessels, gubernaculum testis, and a
  pocket of peritoneal cavity
• d. Testicular artery, spermatozoa, and semen

BACK TO GAME
8
Men are from Mars 400 Question

• Which of the following is not a function of
  sustenacular cells?
• a. Maintain the blood-testis barrier
• b. Promote division of spermatogonia
• c. Produce androgens, particularly testosterone
• d. Regulate FSH and GnRH secretion

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
9
Men are from Mars 400 Answer

• Which of the following is not a function of
  sustenacular cells?
• a. Maintain the blood-testis barrier
• b. Promote division of spermatogonia
• c. Produce androgens, particularly testosterone
• d. Regulate FSH and GnRH secretion

BACK TO GAME
10
Men are from Mars 500 Question

• How is the generation of four sperm possible from
  one spermatogonium?
• a. Meiosis I yields two haploid secondary
  spermatocytes, which go through meiosis II and
  become four haploid spermatids.
• b. The spermatogonium divides four times during
  meiosis I.
• c. The spermatogonium produces two primary
  spermatocytes, which then divide again in meiosis
  II.
• d. A and C are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
11
Men are from Mars 500 Answer

• How is the generation of four sperm possible from
  one spermatogonium?
• a. Meiosis I yields two haploid secondary
  spermatocytes, which go through meiosis II and
  become four haploid spermatids.
• b. The spermatogonium divides four times during
  meiosis I.
• c. The spermatogonium produces two primary
  spermatocytes, which then divide again in meiosis
  II.
• d. A and C are correct.

BACK TO GAME
12
Women are from Venus 100 Question

• Which layer of the uterus is sloughed off during
  menstruation?
• a. Myometrium
• b. Basilar zone of the endometrium
• c. Functional layer of the endometrium
• d. Perimetrium

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
13
Women are from Venus 100 Answer

• Which layer of the uterus is sloughed off during
  menstruation?
• a. Myometrium
• b. Basilar zone of the endometrium
• c. Functional layer of the endometrium
• d. Perimetrium

BACK TO GAME
14
Women are from Venus 200 Question

• What event occurs in the uterine cycle when the
  levels of estrogens and progesterone decline?
• a. Pregnancy
• b. Menarche
• c. Menses
• d. Menopause

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
15
Women are from Venus 200 Answer

• What event occurs in the uterine cycle when the
  levels of estrogens and progesterone decline?
• a. Pregnancy
• b. Menarche
• c. Menses
• d. Menopause

BACK TO GAME
16
Women are from Venus 300 Question

• What is the fate of the corpus luteum if
  fertilization does not occur?
• a. It stimulates ovulation.
• b. It initiates development of the tertiary
  follicle.
• c. It secretes estrogen.
• d. It disintegrates into a corpus albicans.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
17
Women are from Venus 300 Answer

• What is the fate of the corpus luteum if
  fertilization does not occur?
• a. It stimulates ovulation.
• b. It initiates development of the tertiary
  follicle.
• c. It secretes estrogen.
• d. It disintegrates into a corpus albicans.

BACK TO GAME
18
Women are from Venus 400 Question

• What effect does a blockage of progesterone
  receptors in the uterus have on the endometrium?
• a. Inhibits menstruation
• b. Promotes glandular secretion
• c. Inhibits thickening of endometrium
• d. Promotes development of endometrial lining

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
19
Women are from Venus 400 Answer

• What effect does a blockage of progesterone
  receptors in the uterus have on the endometrium?
• a. Inhibits menstruation
• b. Promotes glandular secretion
• c. Inhibits thickening of endometrium
• d. Promote development of endometrial lining

BACK TO GAME
20
Women are from Venus 500 Question

• Why does the level of FSH rise and remain high
  during menopause?
• a. Estrogen levels decline.
• b. The ovaries no longer respond to FSH.
• c. It is a result of increased LH levels.
• d. It is because GnRH levels increase.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
21
Women are from Venus 500 Answer

• Why does the level of FSH rise and remain high
  during menopause?
• a. Estrogen levels decline.
• b. The ovaries no longer respond to FSH.
• c. It is a result of increased LH levels.
• d. It is because GnRH levels increase.

BACK TO GAME
22
Ovary Ovation 100 Question

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  ovaries?
• a. Production of oocytes
• b. Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
• c. Secretion FSH and LH
• d. Secretion of inhibin

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
23
Ovary Ovation 100 Answer

• Which of the following is not a function of the
  ovaries?
• a. Production of oocytes
• b. Secretion of estrogen and progesterone
• c. Secretion FSH and LH
• d. Secretion of inhibin

BACK TO GAME
24
Ovary Ovation 200 Question

• How is an oocyte transported along the uterine
  tube?
• a. The fimbriae propel the ovum along the uterine
  tube.
• b. Ciliary movement turns on just before
  ovulation to propel the oocyte.
• c. Peristaltic contractions of the uterine tube
  propel the oocyte.
• d. B and C are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
25
Ovary Ovation 200 Answer

• How is an oocyte transported along the uterine
  tube?
• a. The fimbriae propel the ovum along the uterine
  tube.
• b. Ciliary movement turns on just before
  ovulation to propel the oocyte.
• c. Peristaltic contractions of the uterine tube
  propel the oocyte.
• d. B and C are correct.

BACK TO GAME
26
Ovary Ovation 300 Question

• Which of the following is true of oogenesis?
• a. Oogonia complete their mitotic divisions
  before birth.
• b. At puberty, a female has a renewing source of
  oogonia.
• c. The oocyte is mature at ovulation.
• d. Primary oocytes are halted in development at
  metaphase of meiosis II until puberty.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
27
Ovary Ovation 300 Answer

• Which of the following is true of oogenesis?
• a. Oogonia complete their mitotic divisions
  before birth.
• b. At puberty, a female has a renewing source of
  oogonia.
• c. The oocyte is mature at ovulation.
• d. Primary oocytes are halted in development at
  metaphase of meiosis II until puberty.

BACK TO GAME
28
Ovary Ovation 400 Question

• Why does oogenesis yield only one functional
  ovum?
• a. When the primary oocyte divides, its
  counterpart remains in the outer layer of the
  ovary to maintain the supply of oocytes.
• b. Oogenesis produces 2 or 3 polar bodies, which
  later disintegrate.
• c. Cytoplasm is unevenly distributed during
  mitosis in the primary oocyte.
• d. B and C are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
29
Ovary Ovation 400 Answer

• Why does oogenesis yield only one functional
  ovum?
• a. When the primary oocyte divides, its
  counterpart remains in the outer layer of the
  ovary to maintain the supply of oocytes.
• b. Oogenesis produces 2 or 3 polar bodies, which
  later disintegrate.
• c. Cytoplasm is unevenly distributed during
  mitosis in the primary oocyte.
• d. B and C are correct.

BACK TO GAME
30
Ovary Ovation 500 Question

• What changes are observed in the ovarian cycle if
  the LH surge does not occur?
• a. Premature ovulation occurs, resulting in a
  mismatch of ovarian an uterine cycles.
• b. No follicular development occurs.
• c. Oogenesis does not occur.
• d. Completion of meiosis I by the primary oocyte
  and ovulation will not occur.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
31
Ovary Ovation 500 Answer

• What changes are observed in the ovarian cycle if
  the LH surge does not occur?
• a. Premature ovulation occurs, resulting in a
  mismatch of ovarian an uterine cycles.
• b. No follicular development occurs.
• c. Oogenesis does not occur.
• d. Completion of meiosis I by the primary oocyte
  and ovulation will not occur.

BACK TO GAME
32
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 100
Question

• Which of the following occurs during the process
  of spermiogenesis?
• a. Spermatids differentiate into mature sperm.
• b. Primary spermatocytes begin meiosis.
• c. Primary spermatocytes give rise to secondary
  spermatocytes.
• d. All of the above are correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
33
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 100
Answer

• Which of the following occurs during the process
  of spermiogenesis?
• a. Spermatids differentiate into mature sperm.
• b. Primary spermatocytes begin meiosis.
• c. Primary spermatocytes give rise to secondary
  spermatocytes.
• d. All of the above are correct.

BACK TO GAME
34
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 200
Question

• An inability to contract the ischiocavernosus and
  bulbospongiosus muscles impedes which part(s) of
  the male sex act?
• a. Ejaculation
• b. Orgasm
• c. Erection
• d. A and B

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
35
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 200
Answer

• An inability to contract the ischiocavernosus and
  bulbospongiosus muscles impedes which part(s) of
  the male sex act?
• a. Ejaculation
• b. Orgasm
• c. Erection
• d. A and B

BACK TO GAME
36
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 300
Question

• What is a direct effect of low FSH secretion in
  males?
• a. Secretion of inhibin is promoted.
• b. The rate of sperm production decreases.
• c. His sex drive declines significantly.
• d. The pulses of GnRH from the hypothalamus
  develop the female pattern of release.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
37
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 300
Answer

• What is a direct effect of low FSH secretion in
  males?
• a. Secretion of inhibin is promoted.
• b. The rate of sperm production decreases.
• c. His sex drive declines significantly.
• d. The pulses of GnRH from the hypothalamus
  develop the female pattern of release.

BACK TO GAME
38
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 400
Question

• When stem cells called spermatogonia divide, one
  differentiates into a primary spermatocyte. What
  happens to the second daughter cell?
• a. It undergoes atresia.
• b. It secretes testosterone.
• c. It continues through the layers of the
  seminiferous tubule without differentiating.
• d. It remains in the outer layer of the
  seminiferous tubule.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
39
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 400
Answer

• When stem cells called spermatogonia divide, one
  differentiates into a primary spermatocyte. What
  happens to the second daughter cell?
• a. It undergoes atresia.
• b. It secretes testosterone.
• c. It continues through the layers of the
  seminiferous tubule without differentiating.
• d. It remains in the outer layer of the
  seminiferous tubule.

BACK TO GAME
40
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 500
Question

• If secretions from the prostate gland are absent
  from semen, how does the composition of semen
  change?
• a. Semen is of the same composition, but sperm
  are not released.
• b. Its pH is higher and its volume decreases by
  about 30.
• c. Its pH is lower and the fructose content
  decreases.
• d. None of the above is correct.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
41
100,000 sperm and you're the fastest? 500
Answer

• If secretions from the prostate gland are absent
  from semen, how does the composition of semen
  change?
• a. Semen is of the same composition, but sperm
  are not released.
• b. Its pH is higher and its volume decreases by
  about 30.
• c. Its pH is lower and the fructose content
  decreases.
• d. None of the above is correct.

BACK TO GAME
42
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
100 Question

• What changes occur in females during sexual
  arousal as the result of increased
  parasympathetic stimulation?
• a. Erectile tissues of the clitoris engorge.
• b. Vaginal glandular secretions increase.
• c. Blood vessels in nipples engorge.
• d. All of the above occur.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
43
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
100 Answer

• What changes occur in females during sexual
  arousal as the result of increased
  parasympathetic stimulation?
• a. Erectile tissues of the clitoris engorge.
• b. Vaginal glandular secretions increase.
• c. Blood vessels in nipples engorge.
• d. All of the above occur.

BACK TO GAME
44
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
200 Question

• If a male has his prepuce surgically removed,
  what has happened to him?
• a. He will not be able to maintain an erection.
• b. He will not be able to bear children.
• c. His prostate has been removed.
• d. He has been circumcised.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
45
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
200 Answer

• If a male has his prepuce surgically removed,
  what has happened to him?
• a. He will not be able to maintain an erection.
• b. He will not be able to bear children.
• c. His prostate has been removed.
• d. He has been circumcised.

BACK TO GAME
46
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums Oh My 300
Question

• What benefit does the acidic pH of the vagina
  provide?
• a. Enhances sperm motility
• b. Prevents mucus secretions
• c. Maintains epithelial lining
• d. Prevents bacterial, fungal, and parasitic
  infections

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
47
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
300 Answer

• What benefit does the acidic pH of the vagina
  provide?
• a. Enhances sperm motility
• b. Prevents mucus secretions
• c. Maintains epithelial lining
• d. Prevents bacterial, fungal, and parasitic
  infections

BACK TO GAME
48
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
400 Question

• What is the male climacteric?
• a. It is the name given to the male orgasm.
• b. It happens when testosterone levels increase
  and cause the man to be hypersexual.
• c. It is the male equivalent to perimenopause.
• d. It is a precancerous condition of the testes.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
49
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
400 Answer

• What is the male climacteric?
• a. It is the name given to the male orgasm.
• b. It happens when testosterone levels increase
  and cause the man to be hypersexual.
• c. It is the male equivalent to perimenopause.
• d. It is a precancerous condition of the testes.

BACK TO GAME
50
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
500 Question

• Which scenario results in females if GnRH is
  absent or it is secreted as a constant rate,
  rather than in pulses?
• a. The gonadotropes preferentially respond to
  FSH.
• b. FSH and LH secretion stops within hours.
• c. The gonadotropes preferentially respond to LH.
• d. Body hair and fat distribution changes to that
  of a male.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
51
Vaginas, and Penises, and Scrotums... Oh My
500 Answer

• Which scenario results in females if GnRH is
  absent or it is secreted as a constant rate,
  rather than in pulses?
• a. The gonadotropes preferentially respond to
  FSH.
• b. FSH and LH secretion stops within hours.
• c. The gonadotropes preferentially respond to LH.
• d. Body hair and fat distribution changes to that
  of a male.

BACK TO GAME
52
FINAL ROUND Question

• What effect does blockage of both uterine tubes
  by scar tissue (resulting from an STD) have on a
  womans ability to conceive?
• a. It is easier for her to conceive.
• b. She becomes sterile.
• c. She is likely to have low-birth weight babies.
• d. There is no effect on conception.

ANSWER
BACK TO GAME
53
FINAL ROUND Answer

• What effect does blockage of both uterine tubes
  by scar tissue (resulting from an STD) have on a
  womans ability to conceive?
• a. It is easier for her to conceive.
• b. She becomes sterile.
• c. She is likely to have low-birth weight babies.
• d. There is no effect on conception.

BACK TO GAME