1. Frontal bone

1
CRANIAL BONES (8)
1. Frontal bone 2. Parietal bones
(paired) 3. Occipital bone 4. Temporal bones
(paired) 5. Sphenoid bone 6. Ethmoid bone
2
Frontal
Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
3
Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Temporal
Occipital
4
P
F
O
P
5
Ethmoid
Frontal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Parietal
(Petrous portion)
Temporal (Petrous portion)
Occipital
6
Frontal
Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Middle nasal conchae of ethmoid
7

FACIAL BONES (14)
1. Mandible 2. Maxillae (paired) 3. Palatine
bones (paired) 4. Zygomatic bones (paired) 5.
Lacrimal bones (paired) 6. Nasal bones
(paired) 7. Vomer 8. Inferior Nasal Conchae
(paired)
8
Nasal
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible
9
Nasal bones
Zygomatic
Zygomatic
Vomer
Maxilla
Maxilla
Inferior nasal conchae
Mandible
10
Maxillae (palatine processes)
Vomer
Palatine bones (form part of the orbit)
11
Orbital process of palatine bone
12
CRANIAL/FACIAL BONES Special Structures
13
Supraorbital foramen or notch (bilateral)
Superior orbital fissure (bilateral)
Inferior orbital fissure (bilateral)
Infraorbital foramen (bilateral)
Mental foramen (bilateral)
14
Lambdoidal suture
Coronal suture
Anterior End
Posterior End
Sagittal suture
15
Frontal suture
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
Squamosal suture
Mandibular fossa (Depression where mandible
attaches to the temporal bone)
Mental foramen
16
Styloid process
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa (bilateral)
Mastoid process (bilateral)
17
Squamosal suture
Zygomatic bone (facial bone)
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
External auditory meatus
Mandibular fossa
Styloid process
Mastoid process
18
Crista galli
Cribiform plate (on both sides, lateral to the
Crista galli)
Optic foramen (bilateral)
Foramen rotundum (bilateral)
Sella turcica
Foramen ovale (bilateral)
Foramen lacerum (bilateral)
Foramen spinosum (bilateral)
19
Lesser wing (sphenoid) - bilateral
Greater wing (sphenoid) - bilateral
Jugular foramen (bilateral)
Internal acoustic meatus (bilateral)
Foramen magnum
Hypoglossal canal (bilateral)
20
Foramen lacerum (bilateral)
Foramen ovale (bilateral)
Carotid canal (bilateral)
Stylomastoid foramen (bilateral)
Occipital condyle (bilateral)
External occipital crest
21
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen (one opening)
External occipital protuberance
Incisive fossa (may be referred
to as a foramen)
Stylomastoid foramen
Styloid process
Mastoid process
22
Mandibular condyle
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Mandibular ramus
Alveolus (tooth socket)
Mental foramen
Mandibular angle
Mandibular symphysis
23
Mandibular condyle
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Mandibular foramen (bilateral)
24
HYOID BONE
(Anterior side)
Lesser horn
Body
Superior view
(Posterior side)
Greater horn
25
SINUSES
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxillary
From Atlas of the Human Skeleton, Hutchinson,
Figure 15, page 16.
26
VERTEBRAL COLUMN 1. Cervical (7 Vertebrae)
Atlas (C1) Axis (C2) Vertebra prominens
(C7) 2. Thoracic (12 Vertebrae) 3. Lumbar (5
Vertebrae) 4. Sacrum (1 bone 5 fused parts) 5.
Coccyx (1 bone 3-5 fused parts)
27
Atlas (C1)
superior view
Vertebral foramen
Atlas yes bone
S
Superior articular facets
(Posterior side)
Axis no bone
Transverse foramen
Attach to occipital condyles
Odontoid process or dens of axis (C2) would
fit here (inferior to this placement)
(Anterior side)
28
Posterior
C2
Spinous process
Lamina
Inferior articular process
Pedicle
Superior articular facet
Transverse process
Dens
Body
(c) Superior view of axis (C2)
Figure 7.19c
29
Typical cervical vertebra superior view
Bifid spinous process
Inferior articular facet (inferior side of
vertebra)
Vertebral foramen
Transverse foramen
Superior articular facet
Body
30
Typical thoracic vertebra lateral view
Superior articular process
Costal demifacet for head of rib
Transverse process (bilateral)
Body
rib
Transverse facet for tubercle of rib
Spinous process
Costal demifacet for head of rib
Inferior notch (becomes intervertebral
foramen when vertebrae are stacked)
Inferior articular process
31
Typical lumbar vertebra superior view
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Lamina
Transverse process
Vertebral arch
Pedicle
Body
Superior articular process
32
Sacrum posterior view
Superior articular process (facet)
Ala
Sacral foramen
Median sacral crest
33
Sacrum anterior view
Body
Ala
Sacral foramen
Coccyx
Alae (plural)
34
Sacrum superior view
Superior articular process (facet)
Ala
Body
Coccyx
35

• BONY THORAX
• Sternum
• Ribs (12 Pairs)
• a. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs (1-7)
• b. False ribs
• 1) Vertebrochondral ribs (8-10)
• 2) Vertebral (Floating) ribs (11-12)

36
Sternum
Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body
Xiphisternal joint
Xiphoid process
37
Typical rib superior view
Head of rib
Neck of rib
Costal end
Tubercle of rib
Shaft of rib
(Posterior end - Attaches to vertebra)
(Anterior end - Attaches to sternum)
38
Typical rib inferior view
Angle of rib
Costal groove
Tubercle of rib
Neck of rib
Head of rib