The Renaissance context

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The Renaissance context
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Harrowing of Hell
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1,000 A.D. Apocalypse not!
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Mosque at Cordoba, Spain
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Greeks versus Christians

• The Greeks The Christians
• Naturalism Supernaturalism
• Reason Faith
• Science Dogma
• Self-confidence Helplessness
• Achievement Renunciation

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• Thomas Aquinas
• (1225-74)

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Bourges Cathedral
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Perspective
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Michelangelo

• David

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MichelangeloBuonarroti(1475-1564)
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• Pope Innocent III (1160-1216) on the human body
• Impure begetting, disgusting means of nutrition
  in his mother's womb, baseness of matter out of
  which man evolves, hideous stink, secretion of
  saliva, urine, and filth.

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Lorenzo dMedici
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Niccolo Machiavelli(1469-1527)
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• Raphael, The School of Athens

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Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
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Martin Luther

• Luther on Aristotle
• Aristotle is truly a devil, a horrid
  calumniator, a wicked sycophant, a prince of
  darkness, a beast, a most horrid imposter on
  mankind, one in whom there is scarcely any
  philosophy, a public and professed liar, a goat,
  and his followers are locusts, caterpillars,
  frogs, and lice.

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Leonardo da Vinci, Vitruvian Man(c.1492)
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Andreas Vesalius(1514-1564)
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Vesalius, base of the brain
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Vesalius, Fabrica(1543)
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William Harvey (1578-1657) Circulation of the
blood announced 1616.
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Ptolemys model of the universe
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Nicolas Copernicusd. 1543
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Heliocentric
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Retrograde motion explained!
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Copernicus,De revolutionibus orbium
celestium(1543)
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Giordano Brunod. 1600
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Tycho Brahe
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Johannes Kepler
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Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)
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Galileo script
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Scholastic methodology and astronomy"There are
seven windows given to animals in the domicile of
the head. From this and many other similarities
in nature, such as the seven metals, etc., which
were tedious to enumerate, we gather that the
number of planets is necessarily seven. Moreover
these alleged satellites of Jupiter are
invisible to the naked eye, and therefore can
exercise no influence on the earth, and therefore
would be useless, and therefore do not exist.
Besides, from the earliest times, men have
adopted the division of the week into seven days,
and have names them after the seven planets. Now,
if we increase the number of the planets, this
whole and beautiful system falls to the ground."
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Pope Urban VIII (became Pope in1623)
Galileo when older

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Catholic Church, Codex of 1616

• "Propositions to be forbidden
• that the sun is immovable at the center of the
  heaven that the earth is not at the center of
  the heaven, and is not immovable but moves by a
  double motion."

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Religion in Europe, 1600
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Artists rendition of Galileo on trial
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Galileo Galilei died 1642, Italy
Isaac Newton born 1642, England
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Gutenberg Bible
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Gutenberg