Title: HUMAN HEALTH
1HUMAN HEALTH DISEASES
Mrs Saroj CHOPRA PRT
2- HEALTH
- Health increases the longevity of people
- It reduces the infant and maternal mortality
- The factors that are very important to maintain
good health are - 1) Balanced diet
- 2) Personal hygiene
- 3) Regular exercise
- Good health can be achieved by the following
3- Good health is achieved by
- Awareness about diseases and their effects on
different body functions - Control of vectors
- Proper disposal of waste
- Consumption of clean food and water
- Vaccination and immunisation against infectious
diseases
4DISEASE- WHEN FUNCTIONING OF ONE OR MORE ORGANS
OR SYSTEMS OF THE BODY IS ADVERSLEY AFFECTED THE
BODY IS CHARACTERISED BYVARIOUS SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS. Pathogen A wide range of organisms
belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi etc All
parasites are pathogen Diseases are classified
into INFECTIOUS NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES
5Infectious diseases
Viral, bacterial, protozoan,
fungal, helminthic Eg- polio ,
plague. Malaria ring worm
filariasis These pathogens enter our body by
various means (direct contact, droplet infection,
contaminated food and water) multiply there,
and interfere with normal vital activities,
resulting in morphological and functional
disorders
6VIRAL DISEASES
COMMON COLD
- It is caused by Rhinovirus
- These viruses infect nasal and respiratory
passages , but not the lungs - Symptoms
- Nasal congestion and discharge
- Sore throat
- Cough
- Hoarseness
- It lasts for 3-7 days . Spread by cough, sneezing
droplets, contaminated objects
7Symptoms of cold
8Typhoid
Typhoid is confined by Widal test
9Typhoid
- Caused by Salmonella typhi
- The infection is by contaminated food and water
- The pathogen enters the small intestine and then
to other parts of the body fluids - Symptoms
- Sustained fever
- Stomach pain
- Loss of appetite
- Constipation headache
10PNEUMONIA
- It is caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae and
Heamophilus influenza - They infect the alveoli of the lung, where the
alveoli becomes filled with a fluid resulting in
severe difficulty in breathing - Symptoms
- Fever
- Head ache
- Chill
- Cough
- In severe cases the lips and fingernails may turn
greyish to bluish - Infection by sharing the contaminated articles,
droplets from the infected person
11PROTOZOAN DISEASES
- Malaria
- It is caused by different species of plasmodium
- Plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious
malignant malaria - The infection is through the bite of female
anopheles mosquito that transfer sporozoites of
plasmodium
12The life cycle of the pathogen
13(No Transcript)
14(No Transcript)
15Life cycle
- The sporozoites enter the body , reach liver
through blood and multiply within the liver cell - Such liver cells burst and release the parasites
into the blood - Then they attack RBCs, multiply and cause their
rapture - The rapture of RBC s is associated with the
release of a toxin called haemozoin, which is
responsible for high fever and the chill
/shivering - The sexual stages develop in the RBC
- the parasite then enters the femaleAnopheles
mosquito along with the blood when it bites the
infected person
16- Further development occurs in the stomach wall of
the mosquito - The gametes fuse to form zygote
- The zygote undergoes further development in the
body of the mosquito to form sporozoites - Sporozoites are transported to and stored in the
salivary gland of mosquito and sre transferred to
a human body during the bite - The treatment involves the use of chloroquinine
- The diseases can be controlled by eradicating
mosquito and avoiding mosquito bite byusing
mosquito repellant, net etc
17(No Transcript)
18(No Transcript)
19Use of biopesticides
Vector control
20The Widal test is a serological test for
Salmonella typhi. It is a demonstration of
salmonella antibodies against antigens O-somatic
and H-flagellar in the blood. It is used to
ascertain the presence of typhoid fever.
Insect repellant mosquito net
21Amoebic Dysentery
- It is caused by Entamoeba Histolytica
- Infection is through contaminated food and water
- The pathogen rests inside the large intestine
- Symptoms
- Abdominal pain and cramps
- Stools with excess mucus and blood spots
- Constipation alternating with Diarrhoea
- House flies act as mechanical carriers and
transfer the parasite from the faeces of infected
to the food water
22ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
23FUNGAL DISEASES
- RING worm
- They are caused by fungi like microsporum,
Trichophyton - Symptom
- Dry scaly lesions on the skin
- Lesions are accompanied by itching
- Ringworms are generally acquired from soil or by
direct contact with the contaminated articles
used by the infected person
24Helminthic Diseases
- Ascariasis
- It is caused by Ascaris lumbriciods
- Symptoms
- Blockage of intestinal passage
- Anaemia
- Abdominal/ muscular pain
- Internal bleeding
- Nausea and headache
25Life cycle of Ascaris
26FILARIASIS
It is caused by Wuchereria Bancroftii Wuchereria
malayi They normally cause the inflammation of
the organs in which they live for many years They
normally affect the lymph vessels of the lower
limb, causing them to swell like that of an
elephant , hence called Elephantiasis Genital
organs also get affected leads to gross
deformation Female culex mosquito is the vector
27(No Transcript)
28Thanks
- To all the Viewers !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!