Early and Medieval English Literature

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Early and Medieval English Literature
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Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry,
was born, about 1340, in London. He was the son
of a wine merchant who had connections with the
court.
The Canterbury Tales ???????
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Thomas More(1478-1535)
He was born in a middle-class family.his father
was a prominent lawyer,and later a judge.A
scholar by nature ,he became a lawyer.Quite
early he was elected to Parliament and he acted
as the spokesman of London merchants who were on
e of the principal stays of the Tudor monarchy.
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The English Renaissance
The word Renaissance is actually a French
word, meaning re-birth. It was first used by
the Italians to express the rediscovery of
ancient Greek and Rome culture. Now we use this
term to indicate the intellectual literary
movement over Europe from 14th to the early 17
centuries.
English literature Reading and Appreciation
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William Shakespeare1564-1616
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All the world 's a stage, And all the men and
women merely players.
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• Born in Stratford
• The 3rd of 8 kids
• Married at age 18
• (his wife was 26)
• Worked as an actor
• By 1594 at least 6
• plays had been
• published

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Comedies

• The Taming of the Shrew
• Much Ado About Nothing
• As You Like I
• Twelfth Night
• Midsummer Nights Dream

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Tragedies

• Hamlet
• Romeo and Juliet
• Othello
• King Lear
• Macbeth

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Hamlet
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Photo by kevin Tang
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare Shall I compare
thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and
more temperate Rough winds do shake the darling
buds of May, And summers lease hath all too
short a date Sometime too hot the eye of the
heaven shines And often is his gold complexion
dimmed And every fair from fair sometime
declines, By chance or natures changing course
untrimmed But thy eternal summer shall not
fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou
owst Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his
shade, When in eternal lines to time thou
growst So long as a man can breathe, or eyes
can see, So long lives this, and this gives life
to thee.
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
The father of experimental philosophy, whose
father had been Lord Keeper, and himself was a
great many years Lord Chancellor under King James
I.
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Essays
Of Studies Of  beauty Of  friendship Of 
envy
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John Milton (16081674)
Paradise Lost Its meaning of
equity Background John Milton, the
greatest English poet after Shakespeare, was the
one great literary figure who want tried
seriously to combine Renaissance and Reformation.
His rich stories of classical learning with
revival of deep religious feeling.
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Miltons work can be divided into three
creative period. The first period was up to 1641,
during which time he was to be seen chiefly as a
son of the humanity and Elizabethans, although
his Puritanism was not absent. Milton is one
of the very few truly great English writers who
is also a prominent figure in politics and who is
both a great poet and important prose writer.
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of  friendship      (? ? ?)
It had been hard for him that spake it to
have put more truth and untruth together in few
words, than in that speech, Whatsoever is
delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or
a god.
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Of Studies
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and
for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in
privateness and retiring, for ornament, is in
discourse and for ability, is in the judgment
and disposition of business. For different expert
man can execute, and perhaps judge of
particulars, one by one But the general courses
and the plots and marshalling of affaires, come
best from those that are learned. To spend too
much time on study is sloth, to use them too much
for ornament, is affectation, to make judgment
only by their rules, is the humor of a scholar.
They perfect nature and are perfected by
experience, for nature abilities are like nature
plants, that need to be pruning by study, and
studies themselves do give forth directions too
much at large.
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Daniel Defoe 1660-1731

• Son of James and Mary Foe, a merchant family
  committed to Puritanism (Presbyterians)
• Sound education at Mortons Academy. Only
  Anglicans could graduate from Oxford or
  Cambridge.
• 1684 Marries Mary Tuffley, an heiress with 3,700
  a year.

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• Fought briefly in the Duke of Monmouths
  rebellion against James II.
• Bankruptcy and debt turned him towards writing.
• 1701 writes The True Born Englishman
• 1703 Pilloried for writing The Shortest Way
  with Dissenters.

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Samuel Johnson (170984)
lexicographer, critic and poet, was born in
Lichfield, Stafforshire, the son of a poor
bookseller. After studying at Oxford for little
more than a year, he was forced to leave the
university by poverty. Then followed his long
struggle as a hack writer. In 1741, some
booksellers asked Johnson to compile a dictionary
or the English language. It took him eight years
to finish this enormous work, and in 1755 his
Dictionary was published.
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Johnson thought that all was false and
hollow despised the honeyed words, and wrote a
letter to Lord Chestfield, saying when I had
once addressed your lordship in public, I had
exhausted all the art or pleasing which a retired
and uncourtly scholar can possess.
Letter to Lord Chestfield
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Photo by kevin Tang
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The Age of Romanticism1750-1850
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• This cultural era is a continuation of,
  overlaps with, the Enlightenment. Its
  characteristics include
• Romantic love
• Liberalism and freedom
• An upsurge of nationalism patriotism
• Sympathy for the poor less fortunate.
• An appreciation of nature
• A fascination with horror

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Romantic Authors
Robert Burns (1759?)
A Red, Red Rose
Auld Lang Syne
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• A Red, Red Rose--by Robert Burns
• O MY Luve 's like a red, red rose That
  's newly sprung in June O my Luve 's like
  the melodie That's sweetly play'd in tune!
  As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So
  deep in luve am I And I will luve thee
  still, my dear, Till a' the seas gang dry
  Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And
  the rocks melt wi' the sun I will luve thee
  still, my dear, While the sands o' life
  shall run. And fare thee weel, my only
  Luve, And fare thee weel a while! And I
  will come again, my Luve, Tho' it were ten
  thousand mile.

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Sir Walter Scott

• Author of Ivanhoe Rob Roy.
• Romantic themes included Scottish nationalism
  independence.

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge

• Used images of phantoms and terrors arising from
  the depths of the emotions.
• Author of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

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• ??? ?? ??18????? ?????????? 2003
• Frederick R. Karl ? ???????? ??????????
  2004
• Margret Drabble? ???????? ??????????
  2005
• John Richetti ? ????????? ??????????
  2005
• Carl Woodring ? ????????? ??????????
  2005
• http//www.literature.org/Works
• Classics at the Online Literature Library ENG
• http//classics.mit.edu The Internet Classics
  ArchiveENG
• http//www.bnl.com/shorts/stories/haunths.html
• http//www.literature.org/Works/Charles-Dickens/ch
  imes
• http//www.bibliomania.com/Fiction/...ayor/index.h
  tml