Chapter 9, Lesson 1 The World Divided.

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Chapter 9, Lesson 1The World Divided.

• Mr. Julians 5th Grade Class

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Essential Question

• What was the role of the United States as a
  superpower after World War II?

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Places

• East Berlin
• West Berlin
• Moscow

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People

• George C. Marshall

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Vocabulary

• Aggressor
• Marshall Plan
• United Nations
• Communism
• Ideology
• NATO
• Berlin Airlift
• Cold War
• propaganda

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Europe and Japan After the War

• The United States wanted to help the countries
  destroyed by the war rebuild.
• Although, Germany and Japan had been the
  aggressors, the U.S. still wanted to help them.

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Europe and Japan After the War

• In February 1945, Stalin, Roosevelt, and
  Churchill met in the Soviet Union to discuss what
  to do with Europe.
• Stalin demanded that the Soviet Union have
  control over the countries on its borders, so
  that it could not be attacked again.

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Europe and Japan After the War

• The U.S. did not like this demand but agreed
  anyway.
• The U.S and the Soviet Union agreed to divide
  Korea to rid it of the Japanese.
• The Soviet Union controlled most of Eastern and
  Central Europe including East Germany, Finland,
  and Poland

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Europe and Japan After the War

• Victory, military strength, and resources made
  the Soviet Union and the United States the worlds
  most powerful nations or superpowers.

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Continuing Aid

• The U.S. wanted to help Europeans recover for two
  reasons
• To show kindness
• To become strong against the Soviet Union

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Continuing Aid

• George C. Marshall, the U.S. secretary of state
  had an idea for making Western Europe stronger,
  provide funds, food, and materials to help the
  countries rebuild.
• This plan became known as the Marshall Plan

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Continuing Aid

• The plan helped promote democracy and helped form
  friendships with the U.S.
• The U.S helped Asian countries too.

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The United Nations

• The United Nations, or U.N. was formed to promote
  peace among countries of the world.
• President Roosevelt was one of the main designers
  of the U.N.
• Sadly he died just weeks before it became
  official.

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The United Nations

• President Truman appointed Eleanor Roosevelt as
  the representative for the U.S to the U.N.
• Mrs. Roosevelt helped adopt the Human Rights
  declaration.

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Troubling Differences

• Although the Soviet Union and the U.S. had been
  allies during WW II the superpowers had little in
  common.
• The Soviets used communism, or a political and
  economic system in which the government owns most
  everything.

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Troubling Differences

• The United States and the nations of Western
  Europe had democratic governments that promoted
  personal freedoms and free enterprise.

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Troubling Differences

• There were other important differences between
  the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.
• The West valued human rights and wanted to work
  for peace, the Soviet Union did not share these
  ideas.
• The differences in ideology, or beliefs, caused
  many problems.

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The Iron Curtain

• Stalin made sure that each country controlled by
  the Soviet Union was communist.
• These countries were no longer free to make laws
  or elect a government.
• They were controlled by the government in Moscow.

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The Iron Curtain

• The Iron Curtain described the closing off of
  Western influence to all countries controlled by
  the Soviet Union.
• In reaction, the U.S. created N.A.T.O. (North
  Atlantic Treaty Organization) to help protect all
  of the countries involved.

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The Berlin Airlift

• In June 1948 the Soviets stopped all traffic into
  Western Berlin.
• No food, electricity, heating oil, or clothing
  were permitted.
• Stalin hoped that this would break the will of
  Berliners and bring the entire city under Soviet
  control.

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The Berlin Airlift

• The Americans and British would not leave the
  Western Berliners to starve or freeze.
• They organized the Berlin Airlift where airplanes
  flew with food and supplies nonstop for 11
  months.
• The blockade did not work and was lifted in May
  1949.

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The Berlin Airlift

• The Soviets kept East Berlin closed off from West
  Berlin by building a wall dividing the two in in
  1949 and completed in1962.

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A New Kind of War

• In addition to establishing control in parts of
  Europe, the Soviet Union wanted to expand
  communism further.
• In Asia, the Soviets backed governments in North
  Korea and China.
• The Soviets made it clear they planed on doing
  away with democracy.

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A New Kind of War

• The U.S. on the other hand was dedicated at
  stopping the spreading of communism.
• The U.S. supported free elections and free
  enterprise.
• The differences between countries became know as
  the Cold War, or a war fought with words, money,
  and sometimes, weapons.

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A New Kind of War

• Propaganda was a key device in the Cold War.
• Radio Free America would broadcast to people
  living behind the Iron Curtain telling them of
  democracy.
• The Soviets would tell their people that
  Americans were poor and democracy did not work.

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A New Kind of War

• One famous account happened when the Soviets
  showed their people Americans standing in line to
  buy Super Bowl tickets, they told them that we
  were standing in line to buy food.

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A World Divided

• The world was divided into three groups, the West
  or Free World, Communist, or if you did not fit
  into either you were considered Third World.
• In the Soviet Union, if citizens expressed their
  thoughts openly, they could be arrested or even
  worse.

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Time Line

• 1945 - The United Nations was formed
• 1946 - The Iron Curtain fell.
• 1948 - The Marshall Plan went into effect.