Rates of Psychological Disorders

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Rates of Psychological Disorders
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Psychosis
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Psychosis

• Psychosis is a loss of contact with reality,
  typically including delusions (false ideas about
  what is taking place or who one is) and
  hallucinations (seeing or hearing things which
  aren't there).
• Psychosis is a symptom, not a disease, and can
  have many underlying causes.

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Psychosis is a severe mental condition
characterized by a loss of contact with reality.
There are numerous potential causes

• Alcohol and certain drugs can induce psychosis
• Bipolar disorder (manic depression)
• Brain tumors
• Epilepsy
• Psychotic depression
• Schizophrenia
• Dementia (Alzheimer's and other degenerative
  brain disorders)
• Stroke

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Symptoms of Psychosis

• Loss of touch with reality
• Seeing, hearing, feeling, or otherwise perceiving
  things that are not there (hallucinations)
• Disorganized thought and/or speech
• Emotion is exhibited in an abnormal manner
• Extreme excitement (mania)
• Confusion
• Depression and sometimes suicidal thoughts
• Unfounded fear/suspicion
• Mistaken perceptions (illusions)
• False beliefs (delusions)

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Schizophrenia

• Disorganized Schizophrenia
• Catatonic Schizophrenia
• Paranoid Schizophrenia
• Delusional Disorder

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Schizophrenia

• Schizophrenia
• literal translation split mind is misleading.
  Has no connection to multiple personality.
• a group of severe disorders characterized by
• disorganized and delusional thinking
• disturbed perceptions
• inappropriate emotions and actions

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Schizophrenic Disorders The Symptoms of
Schizophrenia

• Incoherent Thinking
• Delusions
• False beliefs
• Hallucinations
• Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of
  actual stimulation
• Disturbance of Affect
• Bizarre Behavior

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Schizophrenic Disorders Positive and Negative
Symptoms

• Positive Symptoms include cognitive, emotional,
  and behavioral excesses.
• Examples of positive symptoms are hallucinations,
  delusions, thought disorders, and bizarre
  behaviors.
• Negative symptoms include cognitive, emotional,
  and behavioral deficits.
• Examples of negative symptoms are apathy,
  flattened affect, social withdrawal, inattention,
  and slowed speech or no speech.

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Schizophrenic Disorders Types of Schizophrenia

• Disorganized Exhibit signs of illogical
  thinking and speech
• Catatonic Exhibit extremes in motor behavior
• Paranoid Delusions or hallucinations often
  include extreme suspiciousness and hostility
• Undifferentiated Do not clearly fit into a type
• Residual Experienced prior episodes of
  schizophrenia but are not currently exhibiting
  symptoms

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Schizophrenia
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Who is affected?

• Estimates of how many people are diagnosed with
  this disorder vary. The illness affects about 1
  of the population. More than 2 million Americans
  suffer from schizophrenia at any given time, and
  100,000-200,000 people are newly diagnosed every
  year. Fifty percent of people in hospital
  psychiatric care have schizophrenia.
• Schizophrenia is usually diagnosed in people aged
  17-35 years. The illness appears earlier in men
  (in the late teens or early twenties) than in
  women (who are affected in the twenties to early
  thirties).

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• Delusions
• false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur,
  that may accompany psychotic disorders
• Hallucinations
• false sensory experiences such as seeing
  something without any external visual stimulus

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Positive Symptoms

• Delusions Beliefs with little or no basis in
  reality (e.g. beliefs that you are being
  persecuted or beliefs that you are the Messiah)
• Hallucinations Unreal perceptual or sensory
  experiences (e.g. hearing, seeing, or feeling
  things that are not there.)
• Disorganized thought and speech Grossly
  disorganized pattern of speech (e.g. complete
  incoherence, linking together words because of
  sound instead of meaning)
• Disorganized or catatonic behavior Behavior
  that is highly unpredictable, bizarre, and/or
  shows a complete lack of responsiveness to the
  outside world (e.g. becoming completely
  motionless for long periods, sudden, untriggered
  outbursts.)
•  

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Delusions

• Persecutory delusions False beliefs that ones
  self or ones loved ones are being persecuted,
  watched, or conspired against by others.
• Delusions of being controlled Belief that ones
  thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are being
  imposed or controlled by some external force
• Thought broadcasting Belief that ones thoughts
  are being broadcast from ones mind for others to
  hear
• Thought insertion Belief that another person or
  object is inserting thoughts into ones head
• Thought withdrawal Belief that thoughts are
  being removed from ones head by another person
  or object
• Delusions of guilt or sin False belief that one
  has committed a terrible act or is responsible
  for come terrible event
• Somatic delusions False belief that ones
  appearance or part of ones body is diseased or
  altered
• Grandiose delusions False belief that one has
  great power, knowledge, or talent or that one is
  a famous and powerful person

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Negative Symptoms

• Negative, or Type II symptoms of schizophrenia
  involve losses or deficits in certain areas of
  functioning.  There are three types of negative
  symptoms recognized by the DSM-IV as core
  symptoms of schizophrenia
• Affective flattening A severe reduction or
  complete lack of emotional responses to the
  environment.
• Alogia A severe reduction or complete lack of
  speech.
• Avolition An inability to persist at common,
  goal-oriented tasks.

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Schizophrenic Disorders Theories of
Schizophrenia Genetic Relationships and
Schizophrenia

• The risk of developing schizophrenia in ones
  lifetime increases as the genetic relatedness
  with a diagnosed schizophrenic increases.

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Schizophrenia
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Is There a Connection between Creativity and
Mental Illness?

• The rate of mental illness (in general) is
  slightly higher among those in the arts than
  those in other professions.

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