The Era of Progressive Reform

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Chapter 17

• The Era of Progressive Reform
• 1890-1920

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Reform, Reform, Reform

• Big themes
• Socialism
• Progressivism
• Helping Women
• Womens Right

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Sec 1 The Drive for Reform
The Drive for Reform
Origins of Progressivism   Main Idea The
Progressive Movement was started to fight for a
variety of political, social, and religious
problems. Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform
Main Idea Journalists called muckrakers and
fiction writers brought social problems to the
publics attention. Progressives Reform Society
Main Idea As Progressives gained support, they
achieved reforms for the poor and children and
improved the education system and working
conditions for industrial workers. Reforming
Government Main Idea Progressives made changes
to local governments and reformed election rules
to give citizens more power. Progressive
leaders were elected into offices in many states,
making it easier for reforms to occur.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Details
Reading Skill Identify Details
NOTE TAKING
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MUCKRAKERS

• Coined by Teddy!
• Journalists that uncovered corruption or wrong
  doing in government and business.
• Brought legislative change!
• The Progressive movement used these stories to
  bring about progress in society.
• 1890-1920 progressive movement

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Important MUCKRAKERS

• Lincoln Steffens
• He exposed political corruption in St. Louis and
  other cities.
• His work in exposing police corruption in New
  York helped to defeat the Tammany machine's
  candidate for mayor in 1894

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Ida Tarbell

• Uncovered scandal of the power trust of the
  Standard Oil Co. through 18 installments in
  McClures Magazine
• Congress launched an investigation.
• Supreme Court ruled that the trust must be broken
  up.
• She influenced many other progressives to make a
  difference with their writings.

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Upton Sinclair

• Wrote The Jungle, published in 1906, described
  the horrors of the meatpacking industry.
• Publication of the book led to the creation of a
  federal meat inspection program.
• Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection
  Act passed in 1906!

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Goals of Progressivism

• Prevent businesses from treating competing
  companies unfairly
• Improve safety and working conditions for workers
• Outlaw child labor
• Create programs to help the sick, unemployed, and
  elderly
• Reduce government corruption
• Give women the right to vote

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Chart Children Enrolled in Public Schools and
Employed 1870-1930
Children Enrolled in Public Schools and Employed,
1870-1930
CHART
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Sec 2 Women Make Progress
Women Make Progress
Progressive Women Expand Reforms Main Idea
During the Progressive Movement many women took
steps to gain reform for working conditions and
family life. Women Fight for the Right to Vote
Main Idea Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul
were two Progressive leaders who helped
reenergize the national suffrage movement.
Eventually, they were successful when Congress
approved the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
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Womens Suffrage

• American women activists first formally demanded
  the right to vote in 1848 at a meeting in Seneca
  Falls, New York.
• The leaders were Susan B. Anthony, Cady Stanton,
  and Lucy Stone.
• Ratified in August 1920, the 19th Amendment gave
  American women the right to vote just in time for
  the 1920 presidential election.
• Millions of new women voters helped elect Warren
  Harding.

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Transparency Political Cartoons Womens
Suffrage
Political Cartoons Womens Suffrage
TRANSPARENCY
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Graph Passages of Womens Suffrage
Passages of Womens Suffrage
GRAPH
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Sec 3 The Struggle Against Discrimination
The Struggle Against Discrimination
Progressivism Presents Contradictions   Main
Idea Although many reforms occurred during the
Progressive Era, many non-whites and immigrants
also suffered as Protestants tried to force
Americanization on them. Racism was prevalent
even among Progressives, and segregation became
the norm in many areas of the country. African
Americans Demand Reforms Main Idea African
American leaders organized to gain reforms.
Their efforts led to the formation of the
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) and the Urban League.
Reducing Prejudice and Protecting Rights Main
Idea Jews, Native Americans, Asian Americans,
and Mexican Americans formed groups to help fight
for their rights in the early 1900s.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Main Idea and Details
Reading Skill Main Idea and Details
NOTE TAKING
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Comparing Viewpoints How should we respond to
discrimination?
How should we respond to discrimination?
COMPARING VIEWPOINTS
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(No Transcript)
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Progressive Legislation

• Look at the chart on page 550.
• Be sure to know the following
• Sherman Anti-Trust
• U.S. Forest Service
• Meat Inspection
• Pure Food and Drug
• Dept. of Labor
• 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th (not in chart) amend.
• National Park Service
• Womens Bureau

She was arrested in 1872 for civil disobedience.
She was convicted and fined 100. (she never
paid it!)
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Chart Progressive Era Legislation and
Constitutional Amendments
Progressive Era Legislation and Constitutional
Amendments
CHART
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Sec 4 Roosevelts Square Deal
Roosevelts Square Deal
Roosevelt Shapes the Modern Presidency Main
Idea When Theodore Roosevelt became President in
1901, he expanded the powers of the President and
shaped the modern presidency. He fought for
reform proposals that would keep the wealthy and
powerful from taking advantage of the poor.
Trustbusting and Regulating Industry Main
Idea During Roosevelts presidency, the
government enacted many reforms involving labor
unions, control of shipping costs, antitrusts,
and the food and drug industries. The
Government Manages the Environment Main Idea
Following the advice of naturalists, Roosevelt
closed off land and pushed for laws that would
conserve water. Roosevelt and Taft Differ
Main Idea When Taft was elected President, he
changed many of Roosevelts policies, including
relaxing control of trusts. His policies
encouraged Roosevelt to seek another term in
office.
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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
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Note Taking Reading Skill Compare and Contrast
Reading Skill Compare and Contrast
NOTE TAKING
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Sec 5 Wilsons New Freedom
Wilsons New Freedom
Wilson and the Democrats Prevail Main Idea In
the 1912 presidential election, the Republican
Party was divided between Taft and Roosevelt,
leading the way for Woodrow Wilson to be elected.
Once in office, Wilson developed a Progressive
plan that placed strong government control on
corporations. Wilson Regulates the Economy
Main Idea Wilson worked to give the government
more control of the economy. Some of the laws
passed during his term included lowering tariffs,
reforming the banking system, strengthening
antitrust regulation, and supporting labor unions
and workers rights. Progressivism Leaves a
Lasting Legacy Main Idea Changes in the
American economy and the governments role in
managing natural resources still have an impact
on society today. Continued...
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Election of 1912 Wilson wins!

• Under Presidents Taft and Wilson, progressive
  reforms continued until 1916.
• The Progressive party, led by TR, at times was
  called the Bull Moose party. (TR at one time
  said he felt as strong as a bull moose!)

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Transparency The Election of 1912
The Election of 1912
TRANSPARENCY
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Chart Presidential Election of 1912
Presidential Election of 1912
CHART
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Woodrow Wilson 28th President

• 1913-1921
• Federal Reserve System
• Prohibition
• The Birth of a Nation
• Womens Suffrage
• World War I
• Eight Men Out gambling scandal on the World
  Series!

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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
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Events during Wilsons terms

• Federal Reserve System Reorganized the federal
  banking system in 1913.
• Created 8-12 regional Federal Reserve Banks
• Supervised by a Federal Reserve Board
• Each Regional bank allowed other banks to borrow
  from them hope to end bank runs
• Created a new national currency, known as Federal
  Reserve notes still in use today!

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Prohibition

• By the time the 18th Amendment was ratified in
  January 1919, most southern and western states
  already had prohibition laws.
• In Oct, 1919, Congress passed a nation law (over
  Wilsons veto) to enforce the 18th Amendment.
• The Prohibition Enforcement, or Volstead Act est.
  specific penalties for the manufacture,
  transportation, and sale of alcohol, beginning
  Jan. 1920.
• It would be repealed in 1933 with the 21st
  amendment!

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The Birth of a Nation

• This was the first feature film ever shown at the
  White House.
• It was a Reconstruction saga that premiered in
  1915.
• D.W. Griffiths film told a story that
  dramatically portrayed the threat he believed
  black men posed to white womanhood.
• This film sparked the rise of the second KKK.

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• The domestic melodrama/epic originally premiered
  with the title The Clansman in January, 1915 in
  California, but three months later was retitled
  with the present title at its world premiere in
  New York, to emphasize the birthing process of
  the US.
• The film was based on former North Carolina
  Baptist minister Rev. Thomas Dixon Jr.'s
  anti-black, 1905 bigoted play, The Clansman.

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KKK 2nd Time Around

• A second distinct group using the same name was
  started near Atlanta in 1915 by William Simmons.
• This second group existed as a money-making
  fraternal organization and fought to maintain the
  ways of the past against increasing numbers of
  Roman Catholics, Jews, blacks and immigrants into
  the United States.
• This group, although preaching racism, was a
  mainstream organization with 4 million members at
  its peak in the 1920s.

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Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally
during the 1920s.
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KKK parade in Washington Demonstrating their
political power, Klansmen triumphantly parade
down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., on
September 13, 1926, in full regalia. (Courtesy
of Library of Congress)
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• Its collapse thereafter was largely due to state
  laws that forbade masks and eliminated the secret
  element, to the bad publicity the organization
  received through its thugs and swindlers, and
  apparently from the declining interest of the
  members.
• With the depression of the 1930s, dues-paying
  membership of the Klan shrank to almost nothing.
• Meanwhile, many of its leaders had done extremely
  well financially from the dues and the sale of
  Klan paraphernalia.

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Eight Men Out!

• Eight Chicago White Sox players receive payments
  from gamblers to throw the World Series in 1919.
  Those banished from baseball for life as a result
  of the Black Sox scandal include Shoeless Joe
  Jackson!

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World War I

• We will fight this war in Chapter 20!!!!!