Fatty Acid Synthesis

1
Fatty Acid Synthesis
????????????????????? (?????????? Mitochondria)
2
???????????????????? Acetyl-CoA ???????????
Malonyl-CoA
???????? Enzyme ???? Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ?????
Coenzyme ???? Biotin
3
O
CH3 CSCoA
(Acetyl-CoA)
4
O
CH2 CSCoA
HOOC
(Malonyl-CoA)
5
O
O
Biotin
CH2 CSCoA
HOOC
CH3 CSCoA
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
(Acetyl-CoA)
(Malonyl-CoA)
6
????????????????????? ??????????????????????
Multi-enzyme Complex ???????????????? Acyl
protein carrier (ACP)
7
???????????? Coenzyme A
??????????????
CoASH
8
Fatty Acid synthase multienzyme complex
9
????????????????????????????
10
4, 5, 6 ????????????????? enzyme
????????? ???????????? 4 ???6 ??? NADPH ????????
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
11
????????????????? 7 ????????????????????? 2
???? ????? Carbon atom ???????????????????????
Palmitate (C16)
12
Enzyme ????????????????????????????????? Fatty
Acid ??????????? 2 ?? ???????? Dimer
???????????????? Palmitate ??????????? Pant-SH
13
Fatty Acid Synthesis ???????????????????????
Acetyl-CoA ?????? Complex Enzyme
O
Pan
Cys
CH3 CSCoA

SH
SH
Step 1 / Cycle 1
14
Pan
Cys
HSCoA
CoA.SH
SCoA

SH
S
H
(Coenzyme A)
Step 1 / Cycle 1
15
Pan
Cys
O
Malonyl-CoA
SH
S

CH2 CSCoA
HOOC
(Malonyl-CoA)
Step 2 / Cycle 1
16
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
Acetyl-malonyl enzyme
Step 2 / Cycle 1
17
Pan
Cys
S
S
CO
CO
CH3
CH2
COOH
Acetyl-malonyl enzyme
Step 2 / Cycle 1
18
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
Condensing Enzyme (Ketoacyl synthase)
CO
CH2
COOH
Acetoacetyl Enzyme
Step 3 / Cycle 1
19
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
CO
CH3
20
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl reductase
CH
CH3
Enzyme ??? ????????? OH group ??? C ?????? 3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
Step 4 / Cycle 1
21
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH-H
Dehydratase
CH
CH3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
Step 5 / Cycle 1
22
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH
H2O
Dehydratase
CH
CH3
2,3 Unsaturated acyl enzyme
Step 5 / Cycle 1
23
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH
Enoyl Reductase

CH
CH3
Step 6 / Cycle 1
24
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
CH2
CH3
Acyl enzyme
Step 6 / Cycle 1
25
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
H
Condensing Enzyme
Step 7 / Cycle 1
26
Pan
Cys
Pan
S
S
H
????????????????? ???????? 6 ??? ????????????? C
???????? 2 ???
Step 7 / Cycle 1
27
Malonyl-CoA
Step 2 / Cycle 2
28
Pan
Pan
Cys

S
H
S
Step 2 / Cycle 2
29
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
CO
CO2
CH2
3-Ketoacyl synthase
H
COO
Step 3 / Cycle 2
30
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl reductase
CO
CH2
CH2
CH3
Step 4 / Cycle 2
31
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl reductase
HC-OH
CH2
CH2
CH3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
Step 4 / Cycle 2
32
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
HC
-H
Dehydratase
-OH
HC
CH2
CH2
CH3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
Step 5 / Cycle 2
33
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
C-H
C-H
CH2
CH2
CH3
2,3-Unsaturated acyl enzyme
34
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
C-H
Enoyl Reductase
C-H
CH2
CH2
CH3
2,3-Unsaturated acyl enzyme
Step 6 / Cycle 2
35
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
H
S
H
Condensing Enzyme
???????????????????????????? Malonyl-CoA
Acyl enzyme
Step 7 / Cycle 2
36
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
H
S
CO
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
Step 2 / Cycle 3
37
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
H
S
3-Ketoacyl synthase
Step 2 / Cycle 3
38
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
?????? ???
CO2
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl synthase
COO
H
Step 3 / Cycle 3
Step 4 / Cycle 3
39
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl reductase
40
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
3-Ketoacyl reductase
HC-OH
(CH2)4
CH3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
41
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
HC
-H
Dehydratase
-OH
HC
(CH2)4
CH3
3-Hydroxyacyl enzyme
Step 5/ Cycle 3
42
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH
Enoyl reductase
H2O
CH
(CH2)4
CH3
Step 6/ Cycle 3
43
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
?????? ??? C 4 ???
CH2
??? 2 ?????? 2 ??? C 6 ???
CH2
??? 3 ?????? 2 ??? C 8 ???
(CH2)4
CH3
Step 7/ Cycle 3
44
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
?????? ??? C 4 ???
CH2
??? 2 ?????? 2 ??? C 6 ???
CH2
??? 3 ?????? 2 ??? C 8 ???
??? 4 ?????? 2 ??? C 10 ???
(CH2)6
CH3
Step 7/ Cycle 4
45
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
?????? ??? C 4 ???
CH2
??? 2 ?????? 2 ??? C 6 ???
CH2
??? 3 ?????? 2 ??? C 8 ???
??? 4 ?????? 2 ??? C 10 ???
(CH2)8
??? 5 ?????? 2 ??? C 12 ???
CH3
Step 7/ Cycle 5
46
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
?????? ??? C 4 ???
CH2
??? 2 ?????? 2 ??? C 6 ???
CH2
??? 3 ?????? 2 ??? C 8 ???
??? 4 ?????? 2 ??? C 10 ???
(CH2)10
??? 5 ?????? 2 ??? C 12 ???
CH3
??? 6 ?????? 2 ??? C 14 ???
Step 7/ Cycle 6
47
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
?????? ??? C 4 ???
CH2
??? 2 ?????? 2 ??? C 6 ???
CH2
??? 3 ?????? 2 ??? C 8 ???
??? 4 ?????? 2 ??? C 10 ???
(CH2)12
??? 5 ?????? 2 ??? C 12 ???
CH3
??? 6 ?????? 2 ??? C 14 ???
??? 7 ?????? 2 ??? C 16 ???
Step 7/ Cycle 7
48
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
CO
CH2
H2O
Thioesterase
CH2
(CH2)12
CH3
49
Pan
Pan
Cys
S
S
H
-
OH
H
Palmitic Acid
CH3(CH2)14COOH
(C15H31COOH)