The Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Regeneration

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The Extracellular Matrix in Tissue Regeneration

• By Anthony Catalano

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The Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

• Provides support to tissue
• Composed of fibers Collagen and Elastin
• Made up of cells called Fibroblasts
• Found in intercellular cavities

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Discovery of ECM as a Bioscaffold

• 1989- Dr. Stephen Badylak performed Aortic
  surgery (Cardiomyoplasty) on a canine
• Replaced canines Aorta with a segment of the
  canines small intestine
• Canine survived surgery and lived for another 8
  years

Dr. Stephen Badylak
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Further investigation of the ECM

• Dr. Stephen Badylak determined it was the ECM
  that was the root cause of the successful surgery
  
• Experimented on Xenogeneic ECM extracted from a
  pig bladder
• Removed all cells from ECM
• Performed same surgery with decellularized ECM

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Physiology of Dr. Badylaks Discovery

• The ECM contains cells called fibroblasts
• When tissue becomes damaged, fibroblasts secrete
  excess collagen to damaged site
• The ECM scaffold prevents inflammation and excess
  collagen by promoting the secretion of growth
  factors
• The growth factors prevent the immune system from
  secreting excess collagen and instead stimulates
  the body to repair tissue

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Types of ECM scaffolding Today

• 1.)Hydrated sheet ECM
• 3.)ECM Gel
• (10ml-175.88- Gibco)

2.)Lyophilized powdered ECM (15mg-400.00-CellAdhe
re )
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Advantages and Disadvantages of ECM scaffolding

• CONS
• Dependant on percentage of lost or damaged tissue
  (25-80 max)
• External Scarring
• Recovery Rate (1-2 months)

• PROS
• Biocompatibility
• No immune (post-surgery) drugs required
• Regain of tissue function
• Regeneration of tissue without use of
  controversial harvesting of stem cells

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Current Use of ECM scaffolds

• FDA approved for clinical use in 1999
• Dr. Stephen Badylak is working with wounded
  veterans to replace lost muscle tissue
• 80 patient study, 5 patients treated, all
  successful in regaining muscle function
• Average of 12-15 regain in muscle mass

Marine Sgt. Ron Strang
Corporal Isaias Hernandez
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Future of ECM Scaffolding

• Use for hospitals and the military
• Portable regenerative medicine for use at home
  (Band-Aids)
• Rebuilding limbs or other artificial body parts
• Quicker recovery rate
• Lower Cost

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References

• Badylak, Stephen, Dr. "The Extracellular Matrix
  as a Scaffold for Tissue Reconstruction." CELL
  DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2002) Pgs377-382 Web.
• Piore, Adam. "Discover Magazine." The Healing
  Power from Within 7 July 2011 68-88. Web.
  Valentin, J. E., J. S. Badylak, G. P. McCabe, and
• S. F. Badylak. "Extracellular Matrix
  Bioscaffolds for Orthopaedic Applications. A
  Comparative Histologic Study." The Journal of
  Bone and Joint Surgery 88.12 (2006) 2673-686.
  Print.
• "Extracellular Matrix." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
  Foundation, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012.
  lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix
  gt.
• Badylak, S. "Xenogeneic Extracellular Matrix as a
  Scaffold for Tissue Reconstruction. Transplant
  Immunology 12.3-4 (2004) 367-77. Print.
• Sell, Scott A., Patricia S. Wolfe, Koyal Garg,
  Jennifer M. McCool, Isaac A. Rodriguez, and Gary
  L. Bowlin. "The Use of Natural Polymers in Tissue
  Engineering A Focus on Electrospun Extracellular
  Matrix Analogues." Polymers 2.4 (2010) 522-53.
  Print.