Exercise 6: Tissues

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Exercise 6 Tissues
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Remember
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Organ
System Organismal Level
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• Tissues are
• groups of cells that are similar in structure and
  function
• Histology study of tissues
• The four tissue types are
• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscular
• Nervous

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Epithelial Tissue

• Functions
• protection covers surfaces
• sensory input
• absorption
• filtration
• secretion

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Epithelial Tissue

• Characteristics
• avascular
• fit closely together
• has a top and bottom
• apical surface (free)
• basement membrane
• regeneration

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Epithelial Tissue Classification

• Number of cell layers
• Simple
• Stratified
• Pseudostratified
• Shape of apical surface cells
• Squamous
• Cuboidal
• Columnar
• Transitional

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Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous
Function Good for Diffusion Where found?
Figure 4.3
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Epithelial Tissue Simple Columnar
Function absorption and secretion Where found?
Figure 4.5a
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Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Ciliated
Columnar
Function secrete mucus and move mucus with
cilia Where found?
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Epithelial Tissue Stratified Squamous
Function protection from abrasion Where found?
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Epithelial Tissue Transitional
Functions stretches Where found?
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Epithelial Tissue Simple Cuboidal
Functions secretion Where found?
Figure 4.4a
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Connective Tissue

• Functions
• protection
• support
• bind together other tissues of body
• Most abundant and widespread tissue in body

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Connective tissue

• Characteristics
• Rich blood flow
• Exceptions?
• Composed of
• Specialized cells and
• Extracellular Matrix (nonliving area between
  cells)
• protein fibers ground substance

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Four Connective Tissue Types
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3
4
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Fibrous
Liquid
Hard
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Connective Tissue Areolar
Cells fibroblasts Matrix gel-like Function
wraps and cushions organs
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Connective Tissue Adipose
Cells Adipocytes (fat) Matrix sparse Function
reserves, protection, insulation
Reticular Tissue
Figure 4.11
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Connective Tissue Dense Regular
Cells fibroblasts Matrix primarily collagen
fibers Function tendons and ligaments
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Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage
Cells chrondrocytes in lacunae
(egg-shaped) Matrix firm with
collagen Function support and reinforce (ribs,
nose, trachea)
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Elastic Cartilage

• More flexible/pliable
• Supports and protects outside the bone
• Where found?

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Fibrocartilage

• More dense than other cartilages
• Good for support, cushioning, and shock
  absorption between bones
• Pubic Symphysis, Meniscus of knee, verterbral
  column

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Connective Tissue Bone
Cells osteocytes in lacunae Matrix hard,
calcified with collagen Function support and
attachment
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Blood Lymph Fluid

• WHY is this liquid tissue considered a connective
  tissue?
• What is its function?

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Muscle Tissue

• 3 Types of Muscle Tissue
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Function of each?

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Nerve Tissue

• Function?

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Exercise 7 Integumentary System
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Integumentary System

• Skin
• Epidermis
• Epithelial Tissue (Stratified squamous)
• Dermis
• Connective Tissue
• Hypodermis (superficial fascia)
• Connective Tissue

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Hair shaft
Pore
Dermal papillae (papillary layer of dermis)
Epidermis
Meissner's corpuscle
Free nerve ending
Reticular layer of dermis
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Arrector pili muscle
Dermis
Sensory nerve fiber
Eccrine sweat gland
Pacinian corpuscle
Artery
Hypodermis (superficial fascia)
Vein
Adipose tissue
Hair root
Hair follicle
Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)
Eccrine sweat gland
Figure 5.1
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Epidermis
Which layer is missing?
4 Cell Types Keratinocytes Langerhans
cells Melanocytes Merkel cells
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The Structure of the Epidermis
Figure 5.4
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Skin (Integument)
Figure 5.1
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Structure of the Dermis
Meissners corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles
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Accessory Organs of the Skin

• Hair
• Nails
• Sebaceous Glands
• Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands

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Anatomy of a Single Hair
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Sebaceous Glands and Follicles

• Produce sebum (oil)
• Ducts empty into hair follicle

Figure 5.11
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Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

• Apocrine
• found in axillary anogenital areas

Figure 5.12a, b
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Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands

• Eccrine (Merocrine)
• found in palms, soles of the feet, and forehead
• water, salt and urea

Figure 5.12a, b
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