Communicating Design Solutions

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Chapter 12

• Communicating Design Solutions

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In the 1790s, Eli Whitney revolutionized the
way products are made. He developed a system
for mass producing muskets for the Army. The
foundation of his new system was the concept of
interchangeable parts. A part made for one gun
would for all other guns of the same make and
model.
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Today, we take interchangeable parts for
granted. If you break a part of a product you
expect to be able to buy a replacement. This
ability requires a well-developed communication
system between those who develop and engineer the
product and those who make the parts and assemble
the product.
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Types of Product Design Communication

• Knowledge of the product is delivered through
  three basic kinds of documents.
• Engineering drawings.
• Bills of materials.
• Specification Sheets.

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Engineering Drawings
Engineering drawings communicate basic
information needed to construct the product or
structure. They are called engineering, or
working drawings. Three types of engineering
drawing used to communicate product information.

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• These are
• Detail Drawings Drawings that show specific
  information needed to produce a part.
• Assembly Drawings Drawings that show how parts
  go together to make a sub-assembly or product.
• Systems Drawings Drawings that show the
  relationship between electrical, hydraulic, or
  pneumatic components.

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Detail Drawings
Most Products are made up of several parts.
Each of these parts must be manufactured to meet
the designers specifications. These
specifications are often communicated on detail
drawings Detail drawings contain all the
information needed to manufacture on part.
Most detail drawings are prepared using the
multi-view method. The number of views will
depend on how complex the part is.
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• One-view drawings are used to show the layout of
  flat, sheet metal parts. The thickness of the
  material is listed on the drawing.
• Two view drawings are used to show the size and
  shape of cylindrical parts. The front and top
  view are generally identical.
• Three-view drawings are used to show the size
  and shape of rectangular and complex parts.
  Generally a top, right side, and end view are
  shown.

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Preparing Multi-view Drawings
Multi-view drawings use orthographic projection
to project information at right angles to new
views.
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Dimensioning Drawings.
The size and shape of an object are communicated
by detail drawings. To accomplish this task,
dimensions are included.
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• Size dimensions Indicate the size of the object
  (length, width, and length) and its major
  features (diameter and depth of holes, width and
  depth of notches, etc.).
• Location dimensions Indicates the position of
  features on the object, such as center points for
  holes, edges of grooves, starting points for
  arcs, etc.
• Geometry dimensions Indicates the shape of
  features and the angle at which surfaces meet.

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Assembly Drawings
Assembly Drawings show how parts fit together to
make assemblies, which are put together to make
products. Exploded views Show the parts that
make up a product as if it were taken apart. The
parts are arranged in the proper relationship to
each other on the drawing. Often found in
owners manuals and parts books.
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Systems Drawings
Systems drawings used to show how parts in a
system relate to each other and work together.
They are used for electrical, hydraulic (fluid),
and pneumatic (gas) systems. Often called
schematic drawings.
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Bill of Materials
A list of the materials needed to make one
complete product. Most bills of material
contains the following information for each part
on the product
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• A part number.
• A descriptive name for the part,
• The number or quantity of parts needed to
  manufacture one product.
• The size of the part.
• The material out of which the part is to be
  made.

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Specification Sheets.
The important properties that a material must
possess for a specific application are
communicated by specification sheets.