The Republic of Turkey: A Climate Change Policy Proposal

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The Republic of Turkey A Climate Change Policy
Proposal

• Saran Associates Consultants Ltd.

2
Turkey and the World

• Party in the United Nations Convention on
  Climate Change (UNCCC) since 2004
• NOT a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol but
  decided to join in 2008
• The European Unions (EU) regulations on
  climate change are binding on its member,
  acceding and candidate states
• To become an EU accession candidate, Turkey
  has to ratify the Protocol

3
EUs 2020 Targets

• Cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20
• Increase to 20 the share of renewable energies
  in overall energy consumption
• Increase to at least 10 the share of biofuels
  in overall petrol and diesel consumption
• Develop low- or zero-emitting technologies,
  including carbon capture and storage
• Energy Efficiency Action Plans in all member
  states

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Impact of Climate Change

• Nearly 20 of surface water will be diminished
  by 2030
• Reduction in snow water equivalent is 20 mm
  over the high plains of eastern Anatolia and the
  eastern part of the Black Sea mountains
• The glaciers at Erciyes and Aladaglar have
  totally disappeared

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CO2 Emissions

• 1990-1995 23.1
• 1990-2000 60.3
• 1990-2004 72.6

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What Has Been Done So Far?

• In 2008, Turkey received a 7.5 million grant
  from the Spanish Government to enhance the
  capacity to adapt to climate change
• Save Water Campaign by TEMA and WWF-Turkey
  http//www.suyunubosaharcama.org/

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Policy Proposal Institutions

• Department of Air Management within the
  Ministry of Environment and Forestry to take on
  inter-Ministerial cooperation
• 81 provincial authorities to get involved in
  regional and local implementation and control
• An independent National Monitoring Agency to
  be established

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Policy Proposal Legislation

• Revise the environmental legislation
• Draft and adopt a National Energy Efficiency
  Action Plan
• Introduce new environmental regulations and
  standards in all major sectors of economy
• Institute a system of tradable emission
  permits

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Policy Proposal Fiscal Reform

• Revise the taxes and charges for public and
  private sectors
• Revise taxes for foreign investors
• Introduce tax exemptions for voluntary
  reduction or elimination of fossil fuels and
  other greenhouse gases
• Establish tax incentives for investing in
  renewable and alternative energy solutions

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Policy Proposal Public Sector

• Establish a green public purchase program
• Abolish subsidies for fossil fuel use in
  agriculture
• Voluntary agreements to reduce emissions
• Enforce tradable emission permits

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Policy Proposal Private Sector

• Encourage Turkish and foreign businesses to
  invest in innovative technologies and research
• Offer incentives for exploring wind and solar
  energy potential
• Voluntary agreements and incentives to reduce
  emissions
• Enforce tradable emission permits

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Policy Proposal Research

• Scientific and Technological Research Council
  of Turkey (TUBITAK)
• Attract other public and private research
  institutions
• Develop and submit requests for funding from
  the World Bank, UNDP, and the EU

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Policy Proposal Public Information

• Conduct public information and education
  campaigns to encourage energy-saving practices
• Conduct campaigns to increase public
  awareness of the water shortages