Diapositiva 1

1
Certosa di Pontignano, Siena26th- 30th June
2007 
Denise MiliziaUniversity of Bari d.milizia_at_scienz
epolitiche.uniba.it  
2
Keywords in political discourse and phrases
cut and run
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Keywords in political discourse and phrases
cut and run see eye to eye
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Keywords in political discourse and phrases
cut and run see eye to eye connect the dots send
our men and women into harms way that is not
going to happen on my watch stand
shoulder-to-shoulder, side-by-side
climate change the issue of climate change the
challenge of climate change war on terror fight
against terrorism local control of
schools failing schools underperforming schools
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2001
2007
9
1 million words

5 million words
10
1 million words
vs
5 million words
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1 million words
1 million words
vs
vs
2.5 million words
5 million words
12

• Three claims can be made (Scott 2006)

• The choice of the reference corpus will affect
  the results

2. The features which are similar in the
reference corpus and in the node corpus will not
surface in the comparison
3. Only features where there is a significant
departure from the reference corpus norm will
become prominent for inspection
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Blair Bush CLIMATE
0.05 85 TERRORISM 0.08
0.02 SCHOOLS 0.10 0.03
The asterisk on 85 next to the word CLIMATE shows
actual occurrences, not percentages the number
was too small to show any significance as
percentages in the five-million word corpus.
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• 269 example, Stop Climate Chaos and
  the whole climate change debate, but these are
  organisations that
• 273 about this at first.  We also
  introduced the climate change levy which was an
  issue for a lot of
• 274 of personal responsibility and taking a
  lead on climate change is a difficult one
  politically isn't it. 
• 275 and we should never give up on making
  it. PM's climate change interview with Sky Read
  the transcript
• 276 put them alongside the stuff we're doing
  in the climate change review and the incentives
  we're giving to
• 277 I mean the fact is, when we
  introduced the climate change levy that meant
  that the heavy industrial
• 278 described the long term costs of not
  tackling climate change had an impact around the
  world. Everywhere
• 279 together on the issue of the
  environment and climate change where Mexico's
  leadership will be very
• 280 doesn't finish, of course it will go on.
  But on climate change particularly, what
  Chancellor Merkel has
• 281 they have indicated they wish the
  issue of Climate Change to be a major part of
  their Presidency.
• 282 - whether, for example, it's how we
  tackle climate change, provide affordable and
  sustainable
• 283 to deliver greater energy security and
  action on climate change, and this forms an
  increasing part of
• 284 working closely with Germany's G8
  Presidency on Climate Change because they have
  indicated they wish the
• 285 give for people and business to take
  action on climate change, I think there is now a
  complete synergy
• few weeks when we publish the details of
  the Climate Change Bill, is I know David Miliband
  is working

87 of affordability of energy, to
address these climate changes with regard to
that. So we discussed a 99
balances, a fallout from which is likely to be
climate changes which will have very major
repercussions 180 out of this struggle
than we can opt out of the climate changing
around us.  Inaction, pushing the
17

• 269 example, Stop Climate Chaos and
  the whole climate change debate, but these are
  organisations that
• 273 about this at first.  We also
  introduced the climate change levy which was an
  issue for a lot of
• 274 of personal responsibility and taking a
  lead on climate change is a difficult one
  politically isn't it. 
• 275 and we should never give up on making
  it. PM's climate change interview with Sky Read
  the transcript
• 276 put them alongside the stuff we're doing
  in the climate change review and the incentives
  we're giving to
• 277 I mean the fact is, when we
  introduced the climate change levy that meant
  that the heavy industrial
• 278 described the long term costs of not
  tackling climate change had an impact around the
  world. Everywhere
• 279 together on the issue of the
  environment and climate change where Mexico's
  leadership will be very
• 280 doesn't finish, of course it will go on.
  But on climate change particularly, what
  Chancellor Merkel has
• 281 they have indicated they wish the
  issue of Climate Change to be a major part of
  their Presidency.
• 282 - whether, for example, it's how we
  tackle climate change, provide affordable and
  sustainable
• 283 to deliver greater energy security and
  action on climate change, and this forms an
  increasing part of
• 284 working closely with Germany's G8
  Presidency on Climate Change because they have
  indicated they wish the
• 285 give for people and business to take
  action on climate change, I think there is now a
  complete synergy
• few weeks when we publish the details of
  the Climate Change Bill, is I know David Miliband
  is working

87 of affordability of energy, to
address these climate changes with regard to
that. So we discussed a 99
balances, a fallout from which is likely to be
climate changes which will have very major
repercussions 180 out of this struggle
than we can opt out of the climate changing
around us.  Inaction, pushing the
18
had to be defeated. Climate
change is not an evil, it is not a conscious
force, it is
oups. Climate change, whose existence
and damage can surely no longer be a subject of
serious
framework on the basis that we accept climate
change is a problem and we want to incentivise
with a common problem here, we accept
climate change is a problem, we have got to find
a way through to h elp combat the long-term
problem of climate change. It is crucial that we
tackle this, but in ways
an agreement as to the basic science on climate
change and the threat it poses. Such an agreement
would the case, to the US and to others, that
climate change is a serious threat that we must
address change and poverty. You
talk about climate change in terms of being a
long term threat for us all, threat that faces
human civilisation is climate change. There is no
longer any serious scientific in the
world today on the threat that climate change
poses to our environment and our planet. There
We must focus on the threat of climate
change, now made all the more acute by anxiety
over
to help combat the long-term problem of climate
change. It is crucial that we tackle this, but in
ways security if the planet is ravaged by
climate change. Yet we know we cannot wait to
tackle terrorism and the science necessary
to tackle climate change. Now I think within the
G8 Plus Five dialogue, eliminate poverty in
Africa and tackle climate change.  However, the
fact is we have a framework in of the
world hope that we can tackle climate change.
Finally I am sure that there will be many
but effective framework to tackle climate
change after the Kyoto Protocol expires in 2012
should hether, for example, it's how we tackle
climate change, provide affordable and
sustainable pensions or
12.5. This was a spur for action - the climate
change levy the first economy-wide national
greenhouse nd we found this when we introduced
the climate change levy in the UK, which is one
reason why we are in - are going to be
doing this climate change levy but the rest of
Europe isn't, so you are case, I mean we have
done this with the climate change levy, saying
that you want to encourage we have
announced more measures on the climate change
levy, more measures in for example building
use the renewables, in things like the climate
change levy on some of the major industrial
users, you in the UK something called
the climate change levy, which is a levy on the
heavy industrial I was mentioning earlier,
there is the climate change levy. Question Could
you tell us a little more Well for example
in relation to the climate change levy, that is
something that goes on business, this at
first.  We also introduced the climate change
levy which was an issue for a lot of business,
ean the fact is, when we introduced the climate
change levy that meant that the heavy industrial
users
this struggle than we can opt out of the climate
changing around us.  Inaction, pushing the
a real impact on tackling the menace of climate
change then we have to go far further. And I
don't
to take on the great enemy that is climate
change.  What is in it though practically for
Britain
just so concerned about the effects of climate
change and global warming that I think people are
now of our concern over how do we solve
climate change and deliver a clean energy future.
There was a who never before were concerned
about climate change realise we have to use less
oil anyway because that 78 of people are
concerned about climate change. But people are
confused about what they can do. hanges that
environmental concerns and climate change bring. 
We have now just done a deal with EDF - today
that we have both the issue of climate change and
also the concerns over energy security,
first item we addressed was energy and climate
change. The British and ourselves are deeply
concerned
19
1 Change because they have indicated they
wish the issue of Climate Change to be a major
part of their 2 climate change,
poverty and renewable energy - issues on which we
also agreed to cooperate closely. 3
climate change. But we have in both those huge
issues facing us the possibility of making a real
4 climate change. The trouble
with long-term issues is that they seldom fit
political time-scales. 5 on climate
change the other day, this is the issue that is
now being driven right across the world 6
poverty climate change and world trade the
issues are too vast, the interdependence between
us too 7 problems of climate change.
And on a domestic issue that has picked up while
you have been here, your 8 jeopardised by
climate change and environmental issues, and we
will endorse the objectives set by 9
introduced the climate change levy which was an
issue for a lot of business, but actually what
has 10 such as climate change
and environmental issues. I am very happy to have
had this opportunity to 11 global poverty,
climate change, all of these are issues where
Britain and Australia have much in common 12
today. Africa and climate change are two
such issues that cry out for such an approach. We
made 13 didn't. Clearly the climate
change thing is an issue which has arrived since
Brandt and that is a new 14 Minister.
Obviously climate change is a major issue for my
generation and the next, therefore I was 15
we need to lead the way. Climate change is
an issue where charity very much begins at home.
So should 16 Middle East, global poverty,
climate change, the issues to do with, if you
like, the concerns of other 17 with the
issues to do with climate change, the issues in
other words that are issues that aren't 18
with the issues to do with climate change,
the issues in other words that are issues that
aren't 19 Minister Blair has given
on the climate change issues, including being
prepared to put time into the 20
and you can't resolve the climate change issue
without the involvement of the United States and
21 also saw eye to eye that on the Iranian
nuclear issue, climate change, development
assistance and the 22 be random and
savage. So just take these three issues climate
change Africa and world trade. Work 23
and he will speak directly to you on the
issue of climate change. We warmly thank him for
his 24 especially in Africa, and then in
respect of the issue of climate change where we
had a very full and 25 whether it is on
Aids, or on Africa, or on this issue of climate
change, he is still providing the 26
country leads the world both in terms of the
issue of climate change and also of course
meeting our 27 about security and cost of
supply, and also the issue of climate change. 
Now I think in the end 28 because
people know today that we have both the issue of
climate change and also the concerns over
29 don't always need to carry on getting
worse. The issue of climate change is now very,
very critical 30 in there. 
Look first of all just on the issue of climate
change and what we can do personally, 31
particularly on the G8 process as well and the
issue of climate change. And I think here that we
have 32 where our troops work
together, or the G8 issues of climate change in
Africa, we work on the same 33 has
done a tremendous amount in addressing issues of
climate change. To remain competitive, 34
thank you very much for linking the
two issues of climate change and poverty. You
talk about 35 global institutions are
essential to deal with issues of climate change
and sustainable development. 36 need
this multilateral system to address these issues
of climate change and so on, as well as looking
37 point for example on us having a
dialogue on an issue like climate change, which
is going to have an 38 only from words
turned into deeds. So take these issues Africa,
climate change, world trade. Imagine 39
causes. We should also be dealing with the
issues to do with climate change, the issues in
other 40 European grid, research
and development on issues to do with climate
change and of course using 41
causes. We should also be dealing with the issues
to do with climate change, the issues in other
42 including some of the challenging and
difficult issues to do with climate change, world
trade and 43 destruction. We all
need to work together on issues to do with
climate change. We all need to make 44
economic growth in Europe. We discussed the
issues to do with climate change and Kyoto. We
are both 45 say than any other
international leader on this issue. He has put
climate change at the heart of the G8 46
have to be. It is true that each of the three
issues - world trade, climate change, Africa -
that 47 it was very nicely done.  And
I think that the issues incidentally of climate
change and global 48 to supply
more than 30 of their water. These issues, and
the challenge of climate change, cannot be 49
have agreed to work very closely together on
the issue of the environment and climate change
where 50 simple answer. But I think
when you look at the issues to do for example
with climate change or the 51 in
terms of the long term future there is no issue
that is more important than climate change. And I
52 it. Tomorrow we will obviously be
talking about issues to do with the environment
and climate change,
20
Both positional and constituency variants are
found
21
1 stronger on the challenges of poverty,
climate change and trade justice.  I have no
doubt at all it is 2 stronger on the
challenges of poverty, climate change and trade
justice.  I have no doubt at all it is 3
confront and overcome the challenge of climate
change and that above all can show us not that
we can 4 world - facing up to the
challenge of climate change. Kyoto is right and
it should be ratified by all 5 These
issues, and the challenge of climate change,
cannot be handled in national isolation. They
6 stance to deal with the challenge of
climate change. Last year in the context of the
WTO 7 the world, and that is
the challenge of climate change. I think myself
and the President are both 8 fact is
when we look at the challenge of climate change,
yes it is important that Britain has
9 greatest environmental challenge
climate change. Our effect on the environment,
and in 10 do so firmly in the
belief that tackling climate change or other
environmental challenges need not limit 11
scientists and engineers. Meanwhile, climate
change presents one of the greatest challenges.
Science 12 the livelihoods of poor
people. Climate change is one of the key
environmental challenges we 13 of our
energy supply. And in respect of climate change I
would say there is no greater challenge that
22

• the challenge that we face in global climate
  change. Everybody from the Vice President, the

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1 school federation between a really
successful school and a failing school, at the
moment a local 2 in our
schools, it is to make sure that the schools that
are failing and not offering children the 3
their role is to organise and to deal with
the schools that are failing, or with very poor
standards, 4 standards, make good
schools excellent, average schools good, and
those failing give them a new lease 5
and intervening early and quickly where
schools are under-performing or failing. So thank
you 6 replacing some of the most
difficult and failed schools in the entire
country. The average proportion 7
between a really successful school and a failing
school, at the moment a local authority could go
in, 8 Paper, we also intervene
decisively in failing schools. For the first time
in 20 years Hackney has no 9 that?
Paul Lawrence Just if you are a failing school
or in serious weakness, it might be that you 10
when that is required. Over 1,400
failing schools, for example, have been turned
around and a 11 in and sort it
out, and if it is failing the school will be
under special measures and the local 12
failure, that is what they bring. A lot of these
schools in the most appalling and difficult
conditi 13 failure to invest in the basic
infrastructure of schools, let alone school
sport, led to a slow decli
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The fact that terrorism is a high-frequency word
in Blairs speeches but is unusually frequent in
Bush is seen as a symbolic guide to culture
(Sapir 1949), in that a word can be key in a text
or in a given culture at a given time in
history, but not in language in general (cf.
Stubbs 2001).
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aboutgrams (Sinclair 2007)
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Phraseology is not fixed and, in political
discourse in particular, as has been observed by
others (Cheng 2004), some phrases have a
relatively short shelf life compared to others.

(Greaves Warren 2007)
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