Ladder Safety Training Date:

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Ladder Safety TrainingDate
Suzanne Reister Workers Comp Program Manager
Paula Vanderpool Workers Comp Program
Assistant
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Ladder Safety

• WAC 296-876 Portable Ladders
• Training
• Ladder Care
• Composition/Materials

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Ladder Safety

• Ladders manufactured before January 1, 2006 must
  meet the design and construction requirements of
  ANSI (American National Standards Institute).
• Your ladder should have a label indicating it
  meets these requirements.

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Portable Ladder Safety - Introduction

• Ladders are important and essential tools that
  are used widely in a variety of industries. 
• They help us move up and down and work at
  different heights.
• Portable ladders, in particular, are useful tools
  because they can be readily moved or carried.
• They are simply built and come in many sizes,
  shapes, and styles.

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Ladder Safety Condition/Inspection

• Condition and inspection
• Keep portable ladders in good, usable condition.
• Joints between steps or rungs and side rails are
  tight
• Rungs, cleats, or steps are not bent, broken or
  split
• All bolts and rivets are in place and secure
• Hardware, fittings and accessories are securely
  attached and working properly
• Ropes are not frayed or badly worn

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Ladder Safety Condition/Inspection

• Moveable parts operate freely without grinding or
  excessive play
• Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment are not
  excessively worn
• Metal components are not corroded
• There are no other faulty or defective components

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Ladder Safety

• Ladders need to be inspected as follows

WHEN THE LADDER IS DO THE FOLLOWING
First placed into service and periodically while in service Inspect the ladder for visible defects, including, but not limited to -Working parts and -Rung or step connections to the side rails
Damaged by impact or tips over Visually inspect the ladder for dents, bends, cracks or splits Check Rung or step connection to the side rails Hardware connections Rivets for shear damage All other components
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Ladder Safety

• Ladders need to be inspected as follows

Exposed to excessive Heat such as a fire Visually inspect the ladder for damage Test for deflection and strength characteristics Using the in-service use tests contained in the appropriate ANSI Exemption Job-made ladders
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Storage

• Ladder Storage
• DO
• Store ladders in dry, well ventilated areas with
  moderate temperatures.
• Store ladders either vertically or horizontally
  with supports at each end and in the middle.
• Identify unsafe ladders with tags.
• Remove defective or unsafe ladders from service
  immediately.
• DON'T
• Don't store anything on a ladder.
• Don't paint wooden ladders with paint, only with
  clear preservatives, as paint can hide wear on
  the ladder.

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Portable Ladders Use/Abuse

• Although they are easy to use, they are often
  misused or abused, causing serious injuries and
  deaths. These deaths and injuries could have been
  significantly reduced or eliminated with proper
  care and use.

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At least one of these per year, is a fatality.
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Varieties of Ladders

• To prevent injuries while using portable ladders,
  you need to know what kinds of ladders there are
  and how to use them properly.  
• There are various types, shapes, and sizes of
  ladders to help you accomplish your tasks.  

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Varieties of Ladders
Two Way Step Ladder
Extension Ladder 2 person job
Platform Ladder
Orchard Ladder
Combination Ladder
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Self-Supporting Ladders

• Portable self-supporting ladders can stand up on
  their own.  
• Standard stepladders have a front section with
  steps for climbing and a back section with two
  rear legs, which give them their stability.  
• They must be set up on firm, level surfaces  such
  as floors, platforms, and slabs.

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Self-Supporting Ladders

• The standard stepladder is non-adjustable and has
  flat steps and a hinged back.  
• It must have a metal spreader or locking device
  strong enough to securely hold the front and back
  sections in the open position.  
• The back section is cross-braced and you must not
  use it for climbing.

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Self - Supporting

• The ladder may also have a bucket shelf which
  must be able to support a load of 25 pounds.
• Standard stepladders are usually intended for use
  by only one worker at a time, unless otherwise
  specified on the manufacturers' or other labels.

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Non Self-Supporting

• Non-self-supporting ladders must be leaned
  against a stable structure strong enough to
  support the weight of the ladder, user, tools,
  and materials being used by the worker on the
  ladder.
• They are intended for use by only one worker at a
  time.
• Commonly used non-self-supporting ladders include
  single ladders and extension ladders.

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Non Self Supporting

• Single ladders are nonadjustable and must never
  be tied or fastened together to form a longer
  ladder.
• Sectional ladders, which consist of two or more
  sections, are designed to be combined together to
  function as a single ladder

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Portable Ladders - Falls

• You don't have to fall far to get hurt.  Workers
  injured in falls from ladders are usually less
  than 10 feet above the ladder's base of support. 

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Reasons for Falls

• Why do people fall from ladders if they are so
  easy to use?Setting up on an unstable or
  slippery base surface is a primary reason ladders
  fall over. Falls involve portable ladders that
  move, tilt, or shift while a worker is climbing,
  descending, or performing a task. 
• Standing on the top two rungs, which explicitly
  has a warning label DANGER, do not do!

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More Reasons for Falls

•   improperly getting onto or off of the ladder
•   loss of balance
•   setting up the ladder improperly
•   overreaching by the user
•   misstepping or a slipping of the foot while
  climbing or descending

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More Reasons for Falls

• Being bumped by a Cart or other object
• Having a vehicle run into or bump you.
• People not paying attention to where they're
  walking.

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Ladder Safety - Prevention

• Make sure the ladder is not placed on ice, snow,
  or other slippery surface unless the ladder is
  prevented from accidental displacement by
• Securing it
• Providing the ladder with slip-resistant feet

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• Make sure ladders are not placed on boxes,
  barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain
  additional height

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Ladder Safety - Prevention

• Protect ladders that are setup in a location
  where they could be displaced by workplace
  activities or traffic by either
• Securing the ladder to prevent accidental
  displacement
• Or
• Using a barricade to keep the activities or
  traffic away from the ladder

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Ladder Safety - Prevention

• Protect ladders that are set-up in front of doors
  that open towards the ladder by doing at least
  one of the following
• Block the door open
• Lock the door
• Guard the door to keep it from opening into the
  ladder

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Ladder Safety - Prevention

• Make sure ladders are not placed on boxes,
  barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain
  additional height
• Place a straight ladder so the side rails are
  equally supported by the top support, unless the
  ladder is equipped with a single support
  attachment
• Make sure the top support of the ladder is
  reasonably rigid and able to support the load

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Ladder Safety - Prevention

• Climbing and descending
• Have both hands free to hold on to the ladder, or
  at least one hand.
• Face the ladder when climbing or descending
• Keep ladders free from oil, grease, or other
  slippery materials
• Keep the area around the top and bottom of
  ladders clear.
• Remove all items from ladder before moving it
• Make sure single-rail ladders are not used

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Ladder Safety Composition/Materials

•   Fiberglass
•  Aluminum/Metal
•  Wood
• Besides having different ratings or load
  capacities, ladders may be constructed of various
  kinds of materials.  Each material has specific
  care, maintenance, and storage requirements and
  may be preferred for specific uses, or under
  certain conditions.

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Types of Composition

• WOOD

• Stability better because it is heavier
• Durability less wears out faster
• Strength to Weight Ratio good
• Weather Resistance not as good
• Conductivity non-conductive when clean and
  dry

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Types of Composition

• FIBERGLASS

Stability less because it is lighter Durability
better material lasts longer Strength to
Weight Ratio high Weather Resistance better
(not same conditions as wood) Conductivity non-
conductive when clean and dry (PREFERRED)
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Types of Composition

• ALUMINUM

Stability less lightest of all Durability b
etter Strength to Weight Ratio high Weather
Resistance better Conductivity conductive
do NOT use near exposed electrical
sources/in a storm
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Composition - Aluminum

•   Electrocution Hazard
•   This Ladder Conducts Electricity
•   Do Not Use Around Electrical Equipment
•   or other equivalent wording
• Do not use a metal ladder when working around
  energy sources.  Metal ladders must be labeled
  with a DANGER warning sticker indicating

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What NOT to do
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Wood, metal, and fiberglass ladders may also have
some specific construction requirements.
For example

•  Metal or Fiberglass
• must have slip or skid-resistant feet AND
• steps or rungs that are corrugated, knurled,
  dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or
  treated to minimize possible slipping

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Ratings
Duty Rating Ladder Type Use Maximum intended load (pounds)
Extra Heavy Duty IA Industry, utilities, contractors 300
Heavy-Duty I Industry, utilities, contractors 250
Medium-Duty II Painters, offices, light maintenance 225
Light-Duty III General household use 200
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Ratings and Labels

• Although there are many different kinds of
  portable ladders, they all receive a rating based
  on their maximum intended or working load - the
  total weight that they can safely support.  This
  includes the weight of the worker, tools, and
  materials.  
• Type I-AA - 375 lbs.
• Special duty industrial use, such as CATV,
  utilities, contractors, and higher capacity needs
  
• Type I-A -300 lbs.
• Extra-heavy-duty industrial use, such as
  utilities and contractors
• Type I - 250 lbs.
• Heavy-duty industrial use, such as utilities and
  contractors
• Type II - 225 lbs.
• Medium-duty work, such as painting, offices for
  building maintenance, and light industrial use
• Type III - 200 lbs.
• Light duty work, such as household use

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Ratings and Labels

• These ratings must meet certain American National
  Standards Institute (ANSI) standards and they
  must be indicated on the duty rating sticker or
  manufacturer's label. 
• ANSI requires that every ladder be labeled with
  this information so users can determine if they
  have the correct type ladder for the task/job.

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Information Contained on Labels

• Besides their ratings, labels and markings found
  on manufactured ladders contain product
  information, such as
• Manufacturer's Name
• Ladder's Model Number/Name
• Month and Year of Manufacture
• Ladder's Size/Length, Maximum Working Length,
  and
• Highest Standing Level

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Help Yourself Others

• Before you use a ladder, check its rating to see
  if you have the right ladder for the job.  Be
  sure not to subject the ladder to a work load
  greater than its rated capacity.  And, always
  read manufacturers' labels and follow their
  recommendations.Do yourself a favor and avoid a
  fall and injury to yourself. If you see someone
  doing it wrong, say something!

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Warning labels

• Manufactured ladders have warning markings and
  labels, such as "CAUTION" and "DANGER," which are
  usually in red or yellow.
• They often also have  "SAFETY" labels which give
  information on how to use the ladders safely.

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What NOT to do
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QUIZ
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Ladder Safety Quiz

• You have to fall more than 15 feet from a ladder
  before you get hurt.

Portable Ladder Safety    True       False
FALSE
Workers injured in falls from ladders are usually
less than 10 feet above the ladder's base of
support.
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Portable Ladder Safety
Injuries involving falls from ladders might be
A) Reaching too far out away from the
ladder. B) Misstep or slip of the foot while
climbing. C) Setting up the ladder on an
unstable or slippery surface. D) All of the
above.
D all of the above
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A ladder is rated according to

• A) its size
• B) how it is to be used
• C) the total weight that it can safely support
  
• D) the kind of material it is made of

(C) the total weight that it can safely support
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Labels
You don't need to read any of the labels on a
ladder for information other than to find out
the ladder's Type. True False
FALSE