Infection Control

1
Methods used to control the spread of infection
Precautions
AKA Universal precautions Used to break the
chain of infection
2
Standard Precautions

• Used on ALL patients

• Includes
• Hand washing
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Gloves
• Gowns
• Masks and eye protection
• Needle stick safety
• Sharps
• Spills and splashes
• Resuscitation devices
• Waste and linen disposal
• Injuries

3
PPE

• Use when there is risk of contact with any blood
  or body fluid
• Secretion
• Excretion
• Mucous membrane
• Non-intact skin
• Tissue specimen

4
Standard Precautions

• Hand washing

5
Standard Precautions

• Personal protection equipment (PPE)

6
Methods used to control the spread of infection
Standard Precautions

• Gloves

7
Standard Precautions

• Gowns

8
Standard Precautions

• Masks and eye protection

9
Standard Precautions

• Needlestick safety

10
Standard Precautions

• Sharps

11
Standard Precautions

• Spills and splashes

12
Standard Precautions

• Resuscitation devices

13
Standard Precautions

• Waste and linen disposal

14
Standard Precautions

• Injuries

15
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

• Blood human blood, blood components, blood
  products
• Bloodborne pathogens disease causing organisms
  in blood
• Examples
• (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV)

16
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
In an emergency, you may not be able to
identify body fluids or tell whether they contain
blood, treat all body fluids as potentially
infectious.
17
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

• Applies to all occupational exposure of blood or
  other potentially infectious material.
• Always remember safety when using
  equipment/supplies

18
Be Aware

• Never re-cap needles
• Use sharp containers
• Use resuscitation devices
• Reduce exposure to BBP by using PPE

19
Methods used to control the spread of infection
Tuberculosis Standard

• OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally
  transmitted/acquired TB
• Requires FIT tested and training in the use of
  specific respiratory PPE
• PPD skin test annually

20
Methods used to control the spread of
infectionExtended Infection Control Precautions

• Standard Precautions PLUS
• Airborne Precautions
• Contact Precautions
• Droplet Precautions

21
Extended Infection Control Precautions

• Transmission based precautions
• Additional precautions used with patients
  infected with pathogens that are spread via
• airborne transmission
• droplet transmission
• direct contact
• Requires isolation

22
Airborne precautions

• Pts door must be close
• pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets
  suspend in air or on dust particles
• prevents the spread of illnesses such as measles
  (rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB
  (tuberculosis), and shingles (Herpes Zoster)
• Specific PPEs-
• HEPA respirators are required for HCP
• HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency
  Particulate Respirator (HEPA)

23
Contact precautions

• Anything that comes in contact with pt is
  contaminated
• Indirect/direct
• Pt must be in private room
• Needed for diseases that can be easily
  transmitted
• Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal
  infections

24
Contact precautions

• Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin, or
  wound infections
• Specific PPEs
• gloves
• gowns

25
Droplet precautions

• Most infection occurs within 3ft of pt
• Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor
  within 3 ft range
• Droplets come from
• Coughing, sneezing, talking and laughing

26
Droplet precautions

• Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral
  flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis
  media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses, mumps
• Specific PPEs-
• Mask/face shield if working within
• 3 ft of patient

27
Protective or reverse precautions

• Used to protect pt
• Example
• Compromised immune system
• Cancer
• AIDS

28
All Precautions

• Limit use of non-critical care equipment to
  single pt
• Wash hands before and after care
• Bag linen to prevent contamination to self,
  environment, or outside of bag
• Double bag and discard infectious trash
• Limit transport of pt
• Follow PPE for pt illness