Infection Control and Personal Care

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Infection Control and Personal Care

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WELCOME

• Introductions
• House keeping
• Breaks
• Location of washrooms
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Learning Objectives

• What are microorganisms/types?
• AROs
• How do they spread?
• How to stop them?
• Hand washing
• Use of gloves

• Skin/pressure sores
• Prevention of pressure sores
• Personal care- tenets of personal care
• Appropriate touch
• Perineal (pericare care)

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Microorganisms

• Are everywhere!
• They live on our skin and in our bodies, on
  surfaces and in contaminated food and water.
• Most are not harmful to humans.
• Some are useful to humans.
• Can cause infections, illness, disease and death.
• Grow more easily in wet/moist dark places than
  dry and light areas.

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Microorganisms

• Some have become resistant to antibiotics (called
  AROs, antibiotic resistant organisms)
• MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus)
• Also known as the superbug strain of
  Staphylococcus.
• VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)
• Enterococci, including VRE, are normally found in
  the human bowel and are shed from the body
  through stool.
• Clostridium difficile ( C diff)
• is a bacterium that causes infectious diarrhea
  and other serious intestinal conditions.

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AROs

• Antibiotic Resistant Organisms
• Are caused by Not finishing antibiotic
  prescriptions, lack of effective hand washing
  skills and using antibacterial soaps.
• Bacteria and viruss mutate and are able to
  counteract the strength of current antibiotics.

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Types

• Types of microorganisms (germs)
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Parasites (protozoa)

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How are they transmitted?

• Germs are spread by coughing, sneezing, talking.
• People inhale germs by droplets in the air
  expelled by an infected person.
• Germs are also spread by touching objects that
  are infected by a person with an illness (cold,
  flu).

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Stopping the spread of Germs

• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you
  sneeze, throw the tissue out.
• The proper way to sneeze is into your elbow if
  you do not have a tissue.
• Keep hands away from you eyes, nose and mouth.
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• Achoo!

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• Wash hands frequently - hand washing is the best
  way to stop the spread of germs.
• Alcohol based hand sanitizers can be used (Must
  be at least 60 alcohol).

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When to Wash Your Hands

• Wash hands after using the washroom.
• After sneezing, coughing, blowing your nose.
• After contact with an ill person.
• Before and after you handle food or beverages.
• After you touch door knobs telephones handrails
  or things that have many people touching them.

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How to Wash Your Hands

• Wet hands under warm water and apply soap remove
  jewelry, rings, watches.
• Scrub between fingers front and back of your
  hands.
• Scrub finger nails.
• Continue washing for 15-20 seconds (or sing happy
  birthday twice).
• Rinse well and dry you hands thoroughly.

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How to Use Alcohol Based Hand Cleaner

• Dispense sanitizer (use about the size of a
  quarter).
• Rub hands together working the gel between
  fingers under nails and back of hands.
• Continue rubbing until your hands are dry.
• Hands must be dry before they are considered
  clean.

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Blood and Body Fluid

• All body fluids are considered potentially
  infectious.
• Use non-latex gloves to protect yourself from
  diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B or C.
• Never share razors or toothbrushes or personal
  items.
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Skin Care

• Our skin weighs about 1kg and if intact is our
  first line of defense against infection.
• The skin is the largest organ of the body.
• The outermost layer of the skin is called the
  epidermis.
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Functions of the Skin

• Protects us from hot or cold.
• Protects us from chemicals, UV radiation and
  bacteria .
• Helps to regulate our body temperature The
  production of sweat evaporates on the skin helps
  to keep us cool.
• Our skin protects us from impacts such as
  pressure.

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Functions of the Skin

• Our 5th sense.
• The sense of touch is one of the bodys important
  functions. Without it we would not be able to
  feel the breeze against our face a gentle touch
  of loved ones or sense hot and cold.

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Preventing Skin Breakdown or Pressure Sores

• Intact skin is essential for health. This keeps
  out germs that can create an infection or
  illness.

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What is a Pressure Sore

• A pressure sore is breakdown of skin due to
  staying on one position without shifting your
  weight.
• This may happen if you are bedridden, or in a
  wheel chair.
• The pressure against the skin causes lack of
  circulation to the area.

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• Without adequate blood flow to an area of the
  body breakdown will occur.

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• Pressure sores can start as a change in color
  (paleness or redness) of the skin and continue to
  progress to huge gaping wounds that are deep
  enough to see muscle and bone.
• The most common place for pressure sores to
  develop are bony prominences( bones close to the
  skin).
• Prevention is most important.

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• The susceptible areas are the heels, elbows,
  ankles, hips, shoulders, back and ears and the
  tailbone.

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Causes of Pressure Sores

• Shear is caused when tissues and bone slide
  against each other in a bed or wheelchair.
• Friction is caused by repeated movements over
  surfaces such as bedding or wheel chair arm
  resulting in local heat and scraping of the skin.
• Moisture from urine, stool, sweat or poor hygiene
  makes skin weaker causing skin breakdown.
  

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• Poor nutrition makes people more venerable to
  skin breakdown.
  
  

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Keeping Skin Healthy

• Use non-scented products to moisturize skin after
  bathing.
• Keep skin clean, avoid hot water, do not scrub
  skin when washing, pat skin dry with a clean
  towel.
• Use mild soap.
• Do not rub skin over boney areas.
• Avoid talc or powders.

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Healthy Skin

• Adjust clothing or bedding to avoid pressure from
  wrinkles or seams.
• Keep clothing next to skin dry.
• Change attends keep skin free from urine and
  stool. Use gloves when giving personal care.
• Allow or help to toilet frequently.
• Change position every 2 hours or encourage person
  to change position.

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Mobility

• Be active as possible.
• Activity helps with circulation and muscles
  strong.
• Consult school physiotherapist or parent for
  specific activities for children with
  developmental disabilities.

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Eating for Healthy Skin

• Ensure a healthy diet.
• Protein is needed for tissue growth and repair.
  The sources are meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts
  beans.
• Fluids are required to keep the body and skin
  hydrated.
• Consult with parent dietitian or health care
  professional.

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Personal Care for Children

• Children that require assistance with personal
  care (toileting, change of depends or diapers)
  are at an increase risk for inappropriate
  touching, physical and sexual abuse.
• It is important to treat a child with respect
  dignity and privacy when assisting with personal
  care.

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Basic Tenets of Personal Care

• Caring
• Warmth
• Empathy
• Safety
• Rights of participation
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Appropriate Touch

• Children with disabilities are still children and
  are deserving of compassion, warmth, and empathy
  and boundaries.
• Acceptable touch for children when trying to
  convey compassion is on the arm between elbow and
  shoulder.
• Light touch on the childs shoulder is also
  acceptable.

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Pericare

• Ensure that you have the parents permission to
  change or toilet their child.
• When toileting a child or changing attends please
  ensure the privacy of the child.
• Ideally the change of attends should be in a room
  with a door change table.
• The same caregivers or EAs should provide the
  care. This contributes to a trusting relationship.

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Pericare

• Ask permission before change or tell the child
  what you are going to do.
• Include the child in their care.
• Talk to the child as the change progresses.
• Ensure that the childs skin is free of urine or
  stool. Remember not to rub skin, pat dry.
• This is the ideal time to assess the skin looking
  for open, bruised or red areas.

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• When cleaning of the childs perenial area please
  use warm water or a wipe that parents have agreed
  to.
• Wipe the perenial area from front to back. Ensure
  all stool is removed from folds or scrotum.

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• THE END