Cardiovascular System The Human Blood Pump

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Cardiovascular SystemThe Human Blood Pump
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The Cardiac System
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The Heart Functional measures Electrical
Activity or the EKG
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The Electrocardiogram
1 beat
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Taken from http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/e/e5/ECG_principle_slow.gif
Abnormalities of this system
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The Heart Other important measures
1 Cardiac Output or Q (liters/min) amount of
blood that passes through the left ventricle in
one minute 2 Stroke Volume (ml/beat) amount
of blood pumped by the heart in one cardiac
cycle 3 Heart Rate (beats/min) number of
cardiac cycles per minute
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Frame of Referencefor these measures
1 Cardiac Output 4500 mL (4.5 L) / min at rest
increasing to 23,000 mL (23 L) / min 2 Stroke
Volume 75 mL per beat at rest increasing to 115
mL during high intensity physical activity 3
Heart Rate 60 bpm at rest and maybe as high as
200 bpm during high intensity activity
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CirculationDelivery and Recovery
1 Arteries large vessels that carry blood away
from the heart (e.g., Aorta) 2 Vein large
vessels that carry blood toward the heart (e.g.,
Vena Cava) 3 Capillaries microscopic vessels
between the arteries and veins. Site of gas
exchange in muscle and alveoli.
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Red Blood CellsThe Hematocrit
Blood includes white blood cells and the clear
fluid plasma. The percentage of the blood made up
of red blood cells is called the hematocrit
(about 40 (F)- 45 (M) percent). Red blood cell
count important because it contains substance
called hemoglobin which can bind to O2
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Hematocrit and Training
Before HCT 45
Post HCT 45
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Hematocrit and Sports
Data taken from http//www.sportsscientists.com/20
07/06/drugs-work-but-by-how-much-look-at.html
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Training Adaptation or .
New red blood cells produced in the bone marrow.
Erythropoietin (EPO), a circulating hormone (from
kidney), is the principal factor that stimulates
red blood cell formation. EPO is secreted in
response to low oxygen levels (when one goes to
altitude) and also in response to exercise, thus
increasing the percentage of new red blood cells
in the body.
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Ekblom B.T. (2000). Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 14(1), 89-98.