Chapter 34 Power Point Project

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Chapter 34 Power Point Project

• By Kamalpreet Singh

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Words to Know for Chapter 34

• Gross domestic Product - the total value of all
  goods and services produced by a nation.
• Commune - included several villages, thousands of
  acres of land and up to 25,000 people.
• Zaibatsu powerful banking and industrial
  families in Japan in the late 1800s.

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Japan Becomes Economic Superpower

• In 1945, Japan had suffered the most devastating
  property damage of any involved in WWII.
• Under General Douglas MacArthur, the American
  military had two goals for the occupation of
  Japan to destroy militarism and to ensure
  democratic government. Japans army was
  disbanded.
• Japan would never maintain military forces except
  for its own defense.
• In 1946, a new constitution was made that
  stripped the emperor of its power. Power was
  vested to the people, who elected representatives
  to the diet, or parliament.
• The constitution protected basic rights such as
  freedom of thought, press, and assembly.
• American occupying forces reformed Japans
  education system to open it to al people.. They
  emphasized legal equality for all people.
• The Americans introduced economic reforms
  designed to promote democracy. A sweeping
  land-reforms program divided u large estates
  among tenant farmers. The former owners received
  payments , while peasants owned land for the
  first time. This change erased lingering traces
  of feudalism in Japan.
• The American tried to disband the zaibatsu, but
  the Japanese resisted., The felt that large
  firms were needed to compete internationally.

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The Cold War

• By 1950, Japan was on the way to road to
  recovery. Around the same time, the cold war was
  making the United States eager to end the
  occupation and turn its WWII enemy into an ally.
• As the Cold War erupted in to n armed conflict in
  nearby Korea , the united States signed a peace
  treaty. In 1952, the occupation ended.
• Japan and the United States preserved close ties
  during the Cold War. The American military
  operated out of bases that they set up in Japan.

Japan its neighbors

• Japan's dependence on the worlds market was due
  to oil.
• Japans industries had fed on cheap imported oil.
• Japan had to deal with many of its neighbor in
  the economy world..
• Many of theses nations still held bitter memories
  of World War II. Especially Southeast Asia who
  had suffered terribly under Japanese occupation
  and many other countries such as China, and
  Korea.
• Japan was slow to apologize for its wartime
  actions, but it worked hard to regain their
  trust.
• By 1980s , Japan was a major investor in China
  and the emerging nation of Southeast Asia. 10
  years later Japan made a public regret of the
  deaths and destruction of the war years.

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Japanese Successes

• Japan started to produce its own economic
  miracle. It produced many gross domestic
  products (GDP).
• By the 1970s Japanese cars, cameras, and
  television sets were sold on the world market. In
  later years, Japanese's electronic goods from
  computers and robots were also competing on the
  world market. Especially against the western and
  American products. Many American automakers felt
  a threat to their decades of dominance due to
  many Americans started to buy Japanese cars.
• Japan depended on a small island nation with a
  few resources on Trade. It imported oil and other
  raw materials like iron ore. The reasons of
  theses successes were that they built brand new,
  efficient, modern factories that out produced the
  older ones that were used in the west.
• Japan also benefited from a well educated and
  skilled force. Thanks to the post war education
  war reforms almost all of Japanese's population
  went to high school.
• Japanese's workers also saved their pay which
  gave banks the capital to invest in industrial
  growth. Japan also benefited from the
  restrictions military. This gave Japan to spend
  little money on Japan and therefore invested in
  the economy
• And most of all, Japans high tariffs and many
  regulations kept foreign imports very low, which
  gave them a boost from home!

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Changing Patterns

• In the past 50 years, Japan enjoyed many economic
  success. In 1990s Japan faced its worst
  depression since the 1930s.
• Companies had to make cut-backs. Many workers
  lost the security of guaranteed lifetime
  employment.
• Japans democracy has survived many crisis. The
  Liberal Democratic party (LDP) has dominated the
  government for many years.
• The LDP is a coalitions of conservative factions
  that compete behind the scenes for top government
  positions.
• In the 1990s, charges of corruption greatly
  weakened the LDP.
• In Japan today, 80 of Japans population live in
  the cities. The cities are now getting hugely
  overcrowded.
• Housing in the cities became very expensive, and
  the space became very scarce..
• Most people in Japan live in a tiny, cramped
  apartments. Many Japanese moved to the suburbs
  but had to travel very far to work.
• In 1995, a severe earthquake damaged the city of
  Kobe. This shook the Japanese faith in modern
  quake-proof technology. This led to many
  questions because the highways and other
  structures were made by this technology.
• Women of Japan had had legal equality and often
  controlled the family finances.
• About half the women work outside the home, but
  most are in low paying jobs or in family-run
  businesses.
• Fewer women then men get a university education.
• Only a handful have moved into higher-level
  positions in businesses and government.

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From Revolution to Reform in China

• After WWII, Mao Zedongs communist forces and
  Jiang Jieshis Nationalists had bitter struggle
  for power that had begun in 1940s. Civil War had
  begun until Maos forces swept to victory an set
  up the Peoples Republic of China (PRC).
• Reasons of Success
• Mao won the support of Chinas huge peasant
  population. Peasants had suffered brutal
  landlords and crushing taxes. The Communist
  pledged to distribute land to poor peasants and
  end oppression by landlords
• Women also supported Mao. The Nationalists had
  done little to improve their harsh lives. Women
  were still seen inferior to men.
• The communists rejected the inequalities of the
  old Confucian society such as Women hold up
  half the sky.
• Maos army was superior to Jiangs. With the
  Guerilla tactics they had perfected against the
  Japanese in WWII, they out fought Jiangs armies.
• Many educated Chinese saw Jiangs government as
  morally and politically bankrupt.
• Many Chinese people were drawn to communism for a
  new China an end to domination by foreigners who
  had humiliated their country for so long.

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Remaking Chinese life

• Once Mao was in charge, he was determined to turn
  things around. The government drew up five year
  plans to designed to increase coal and steel
  output and develop heavy industry.
• To boost agriculture , Mao distributed land to
  peasants. He encouraged them to speak
  bitterness against landlords.
• Mao also built a one-party totalitarian state
  like Lenin. The Communist ideology replaced the
  Confucian beliefs an traditional religions.
• To increase literacy, reformers simplified
  Chinese characters, making it easier to learn to
  read and write. Schools were opened for young and
  the old.
• Under Chinas new constitution women won equality
  under the law. They were expected to work
  alongside men in fields and factories. Although
  they made progress, they did not get the same pay
  as the men, and only a few got promoted.
• In 1958, Mao launched the Great leap Forward.
  He urged people to make an effort to increase the
  farm and industrial output. That lead him to make
  communes..

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China and the Cold War

• The rift between the USA and China deepened when
  they supported opposing side. For many years, USA
  tried to isolate China because they felt that
  they were spreading communism to Asia, but
  however in 1958 they finally got admission to
  the United Nations.
• A year later, President Nixon met with Mao in
  Beijing and tried to open the doors to improved
  relations.
• China and the Soviet Union and very good
  friendships but also had many differences. Mao
  and Stalin disagreed in many things, especially
  ideology. Mao had adapted Marxism.
• Marx had predicted that industrial working class
  would cause a revolution, since China had very
  little industry, so Mao relied on his peasant
  workers then factory worker to make an
  revolution. Stalin rejected theses views despite
  theier very good friendship.

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China after Mao

• Mao Zedong died in 1976. Despite his disastrous
  mistakes, he remained the revolutionary hero who
  had restored order, ended foreign reign, and made
  China a world power again.
• After Mao, more moderate leaders controlled
  China, therefore setting China on a new path.
• BY 1981, Den Xiaoping, a practical reformer was
  more interested in raising output than in
  political purity.
• Deng backed a program called the four
  modernization. It emphasized agriculture,
  industry, science, and defense,
• As, part of the four modernization, Deng
  introduced economic reforms, including some
  private ownerships of property and free market
  policies. In agriculture, peasant families were
  allotted plots of farmland that replace communes.
• By the late 1980s, Chinese people were demanding
  more political freedom. IN May 1989,
  demonstarters occupied Tiananmen Square and built
  a statue called the Goddess of Liberty., and
  waved banners saying, Give us freedom or give us
  death. When they refused to disperse, the
  government sent in troops and tanks, and killed
  thousand of demonstraters and some were tortured
  to death.
• This showed that Chinas Communist leaders were
  determined to maintain control and for them order
  was more important then political freedom.

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Greater China Taiwan

• Taiwan fell to Japan in 1985 during the age of
  imperialism. Then in 1945 Taiwan reverted to
  China.
• Taiwans economy grew at a phenomenal rate. First
  Taiwan set up a light industries such as textiles
  but later, it developed a heavy industries as
  well.
• As trade boomed, industrial cities emerged and
  the islands standard of living rose to Asias
  highest. Encouraged by success the government
  allowed the people more freedom.
• Business from Taiwan took advantage of Deng
  Xiaopings economy reforms to invest in the
  mainland. Many projects in China s coastal
  enterprises zones were financed by Taiwan.

Greater China Hong Kong

• Britain gained Hong Kong during the Opium War, in
  1852.Under British rule, Hong Kong and near by
  territories grew into center of trades
• In 1949, refugees from Maos Communist revolution
  jammed into Hong Kong . They provided labor and
  capital that helped territory boom.
• Today, Hong Kongs economy is based on trade and
  light industry such as electronics and textiles.
  With many foreign banks and a busy stock market ,
  led Hong Kong to be a financial center. That
  wealth helped it to modernize.
• Hong Kongs amazing growth was due to its
  location. It was right on Chinas doorstep. Hong
  Kong Chinese built commercial ties at a time when
  the People's Republic was isolated by the world
  community.
• On July 1, 1997, Britain must return Hong Kong..
  The Peoples Republic agreed not to alter Hong
  Kongs social or economic system for 50 years and
  allow it to be self-government.

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Singapore

• The smallest Asian tiger is the city-state of
  Singapore. It sit on a tiny island at the tip of
  the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. This
  location gives Singapore a busy shipping route.
• In the 1800s, the British built a navel base at
  Singapore which grew into a center of commerce.
  Many Chinese, under British rule brought in to
  process tin and rubber from Malaya.
• After independence, Lee Kwan Yew ran a highly
  authoritarian government based on Confucian
  traditions. To achieve order, he put many
  restrictions on citizens, for example gum
  chewing is prohibited. He also used strict
  censorship.
• Lee also launched programs for economic growth
  and social welfare. BY keeping labor costs low,
  he attracted foreign capital that helped
  Singapores economy boom, and boosted its
  standard of living.
• By 1980s, Singapore became the worlds busiest
  harbor from manufacturing, finance, and trade.

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The Two Koreas

• In 1910, Japan annexed Korea and imposed a brutal
  regime on the peninsula. After the allied victory
  of WWII, the USSR and USA agreed to a temporary
  division of Korea. North Korea became a communist
  ally of USSR and in South Korea, USA backed an
  authoritarian but non-communist leader Sybgaman
  Rhee.
• In 1950, North Korea invades South, determined to
  unify the country under one rule. Backed by the
  UN, United States organized a force to help South
  Korea. The UN forces were commanded by US general
  Douglas MacArthur. After landing troops behind
  enemy line he drove the invaders back to the 38th
  parallel He continued to push towards thee Yalu
  river on the border of China.
• Macarthur's success moved China into action. Mao
  feared an American invasion. He sent Chinese
  troops to help North Koreans and together they
  pushed the UN forces back to the 38th parallel.
• Fighting continued till 1953, when they signed a
  armistice. That cease-fire has held more then 40
  years. More then a million North and South Korean
  troops dug in along the truce line. American
  forces also stayed in South Korea to insure peace.

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Differences of North and South Korea

• After the war, the two Korea slowly rebuilt
  economies destroyed by the fighting and by years
  of Japanese occupations. The United States gave
  aid to South Korea , while the Soviets helped the
  North.
• South Korea was ahead of North Korea economically
  wise. At first, it exported textiles and
  inexpensive goods. Then is started to export
  higher priced exports such as automobiles.
• Its strong growth was due in part to low wages
  paid to workers. By the 1990s, South Korea a
  economic powerhouse. Workers started to demand a
  better pay and the standard of living rose
  remarkably.
• Under Kim Sung, North Korea recovered form the
  war. State-owned industries and collective farms
  increased output.
• In the late 1960s , however growth sowed, .Kims
  emphasis on self reliance kept North America
  isolated from the world. But its friends like the
  Soviets and China , tried out economic reforms in
  the 1980s.
• North Korea started to set up nuclear power
  plants and nuclear weapons, but under intense
  pressure from the United States, they agreed to
  dismantle them. In exchange North Korea wanted
  the Unied States to supply them with oil and
  begin the process of diplomatic recognition.

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Decades of War in Vietnam

• In Southeast Asia, an intense liberation struggle
  tore apart the region once known as French
  Indochina.. It affected nations such as Vietnam,
  Cambodia, and Laos. The 30 year conflict had two
  phases the battle against the French and the
  Cold War conflict.
• The first phase of the struggle lasted from 1946
  to 1954. In 1946, the French set out to regain
  Indochina. Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese communist
  had peasant support.. With peasant support Hos
  guerrilla fighters slowly wore down the French
  and forced them to leave..
• By this time, the struggle in Vietnam had become
  part of the cold war . At a 1954 conference in
  Geneva, Switzerland, western and communist powers
  agreed to a temporary divisions of Vietnam
• Ho and the communist ruled the North Vietnam and
  the United Sates and leader Ngo Dinh Diem ruled
  South Vietnam. Cambodia and Laos became
  independent nations
• The agreement called for elections to reunite
  Vietnam . The election never took place because
  the Americans and Diem feared that the communists
  might win.
• The second phase of the Vietnam war was from 1956
  to 1975. Ho Chi Minh wanted to unite Vietnam
  under Northern rule. He supported the Viet Cong,
  communist rebels trying to overthrow Diem in
  South Vietnam.
• In 964, USA began bombing targets in North
  Vietnam. When air raids failed to force Ho to
  abandon the war, the United States committed more
  troops. Even with massive American help, South
  Vietnam could not defeat the communist guerillas
  and their North Vietnamese allies.
• At the same time, American casualties began to
  grow, President Nixon finally arranged a
  cease-fire and began with drawling of American
  forces in 1973.
• Two years later, North Vietnamese captures
  Saigon, capitol of the south, and reunited the
  country.

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Tragedy in Cambodia

• During the Vietnam War, fighting went over into
  neighboring Cambodia. The North Vietnamese sent
  supplies through Cambodia to guerrilla forces in
  South Vietnam.
• In 1969, the United States bombed that route and
  then invaded Cambodia. After the Americans left,
  Cambodian communist guerrillas, the Khmer Rouge,
  overthrew the government.
• Led by Pol Pot, the Khmer Rouge unleashed a reign
  of terror. To destroy all western influences,
  they drove people from the cities to the people.
  They slaughtered more then a million Cambodians.
  In 1979 Vietnam invaded and occupied Cambodia.
  Pol Pot and his followers retreated.. 1993, UN
  peacekeepers, supervised elections.

Independence for the Philippines

• In 1946, the island nation gained independence
  peacefully after five decades of American rule.
  The United States, however, exerted a strong
  influence on the country through military and
  economic aid.
• Although the Filipinos constitution set up a
  democratic government, a wealthy elite controlled
  politics and economy.
• Many peasants threw their support behind the
  Huks, or local communists who promised land
  reform. In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was elected
  president. Marco had promised reforms but instead
  he made himself a dictator.
• Under heavy pressure, Marcos finally held
  elections in 1986. At the polls, Corazon Aquino,
  widow of the slain Benigno, defeated Marcos. When
  Marcos tried to overturn the results, people of
  manila forced him to leave. Under Aquino and her
  successors the fragile Filipino democracy
  survived.

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Quiz Part 1

• 1)The Great Leap Forward in China and the
  five-year plans in the Soviet Union were attempts
  to increase
• A) Private Capital Investment
• B) Religious Tolerance
• C) Individual Ownerships
• D) Industrial Productivity
• 2) The main reason the Chinese Communists gained
  control of mainland China in1949 was thatA) they
  were supported by many warlords and upper class
  Chinese
• B) the United States had supported the Chinese
  Communist Party during World War II
• C) the dynamic leadership of Mao Zedong had the
  support of the peasant class
• D) they had superior financial resources and
  were supported by Japan
• 3) During the 1980s, the Chinese government
  adopted policies designed to
• A) Increase industrial productivity
• B) Reestablish Confucian traditions and values
• C) Gain colonies throughout east Asia
• D) maintain its isolation from world events

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Quiz Part 2

• 1)After World War II, the Chinese Communists were
  successful in their revolution mainly because
  the A) United States refused to support the
  Nationalists
• B) Communists had the support of the peasants
• C) Communist had more technologically advanced
  weapons
• D) Nationalists had been defeated by Japan
• 2) A major reason of the success of the Communist
  revolution in China was that the Communist
• A) Stressed Buddhism in their Military
  training
• B) Included important businessmen in their
  ranks
• C) Promised land and power to the peasants
• D) Fought successfully against the United
  States in WWII

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Answers to Quizzes

• QUIZ 1
• D Increase productivity
• C The dynamic leadership of Mao Zedong had the
  support of the peasant class
• A Increase industrial productivity
• QUIZ 2
• B Communist had the support of the peasants
• CPromised land and power to the peasant class

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THE END!!