Ecosystems and Communities

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Ecosystems and Communities
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Role of Climate

• Weather day-to-day condition of Earths
  atmosphere at a particular time and place.
• Climate the average year-after-year conditions
  of temperature and precipitation in a particular
  region.

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Earths Temperature

• Co2, methane, water vapor, and other gases trap
  heat energy and maintain Earths temperature.
• Greenhouse effect the natural situation in which
  heat is retained by the layer of greenhouse gases.

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Climate Zones

• Different because of latitude and angle of
  heating.
• Polar zones cold areas suns rays strike at
  very low angle.
• Temperate zones sit between the polar zones and
  tropics.
• Tropical zone near the equator climate almost
  always warm

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Biotic Factors

• The living influences on organisms within an
  ecosystem.
• Ex birds, trees, bacteria

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Abiotic Factors

• Physical, or nonliving factors that shape
  ecosystems.
• Ex soil, water, temperature
• Together biotic and abiotic factors determine the
  survival and growth of an organism and how
  productive that ecosystem is.

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Habitat

• The area where an organism lives.
• Niche role in the ecosystem.
• Ex place in the food chain, temps for survival,
  how reproduces, types of food eaten.
• No two species share the exact same niche

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Community Interactions

• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis

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Competition

• Occurs when organisms attempt to use ecological
  resources in the same place at the same time.
• Resource any necessity of life, such as water,
  nutrients, food, or space.
• Usually a winner and a loser, with the loser
  failing to survive.

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Predation

• An interaction in which one organism captures and
  feeds on another organism.
• Predator the organism that does the killing.
• Prey the organism being hunted.

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• Any relationship in which two species live
  closely together.
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism

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Mutualism

• Both species benefit from the relationship.
• /
• Ex flowers and insects

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Commensalism

• One member of the association benefits and the
  other is neither harmed nor helped.
• /0
• Ex shark and fish, barnacles and whales.

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Parasitism

• One organism lives on or inside another organism
  and harms it.
• The host organism is harmed.
• /-
• Ex fleas and ticks

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Succession

• As an ecosystem changes, older inhabitants
  gradually die out and new organisms move in,
  causing changes in the community.
• Primary succession succession that occurs on
  surfaces where no soil exists.
• Pioneer species first species to populate the
  area.
• Secondary succession occurs when land cleared
  and plowed for farming is abandoned or after
  fires.