Economic Instruments to promote Smart Growth ???????????

1
Economic Instruments to promote Smart
Growth???????????

• Ma Zhong ? ?
• School of Environment and Natural Resources
• Renmin University of China
• ??????????
• July 23, 2002
• Rizhao, Shandong

2
What are Economic Instruments???????

• Finance ??
• Property Right ??
• Marketing ????
• Charge ??
• Taxation ??
• Banking ??
• Compensation ??
• Stock ??

3
Why Economic Instruments??????????

• Fund raising ????
• Behavior Change ????
• Cost Effectiveness ????
• Efficiency Improvement ????
• Sound Use of Local Resources ??????

4
Foundation for Economic Instruments???????

• Legislation ??
• Planning ??
• Regulation ????
• Resource Inventory ????
• Public Participation ????

5
Legislation ??

• Based on National Laws ????????
• Creative Local Legislation ?????
• Covering both Development and Environment
  ???????
• Inter-sectors and Cross Boundaries ???????????

6
Planning ??

• Mid- and Long Term Planning with Specific Goals
  ???????????
• Covering both Develpoment and Environment
  ???????????
• Amendable and Assessable ???????

7
Regulations ????

• Based on Legislations ??????
• Practical and Specific ????
• Well built Capacities ?????

8
Public Participation ????

• Promoting Awareness ????
• Public Education ????
• Community-based Strategy ????

9
Resources Inventory ????

• Reduced Total Emission Control ???????
• Wildlife Investigation ??????
• Ecosystem Status ??????
• Risk Assessment ????

10
Finance ??

• Grant ??
• Special Fund ????
• Allocation ??

11
Property Right ??

• Ownership ???
• User Right ???
• Development Permit ???
• Emission Permit ????

12
Marketing ????

• Tradable Permit ???????
• Tradable Stock ?????
• Tradable Property Right ?????

13
Taxation ??

• Pollution Tax ???
• Product Tax ???
• Resource Tax ???
• Differential Tax ???
• Tax Exemption ??

14
Charge ??

• Emission Levy ???
• User Fee ???
• Resource Charge ?????

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Banking ??

• Soft Loan ???
• Favorate Loan ????
• Subsidized Loan ????
• Commercial Loan ????
• Fund ??

16
Stock ??

• Naturally Monopoly Resources ??????
• Environmental Industries and Products ???????
• Environmental Technologies ????

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Potential Benefits ??

• Economic Development at Lower Cost ???????
• Environmental Protection Cost Effectively
  ????????
• Building up Partnership between
  Business,Communities and Government
  ???????????????
• Improvement of Environmental Governance ??????