Immunology : General

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Immunology General

• ?.???. ???? ????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????

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??????????? ???????????????????????????

• ????????? Immune System
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ???????????

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???????????????????????????????????????

• Defense ??????????????????????????????????????
• Homeostasis ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ??????? ????????????????????
• Surveillance ???????????????????????
   ??????????????????? ???? ??????????? tumor
  cells ????????????????????????????

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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????

• Genetic factors
• genetic complex ?????????? ????????????????
  ?????????????
• ????????????? histocompatibility antigens

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???????????????????????????????????????

• Age factors ????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????
• Metabolic factors ??????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• Steroid ???????????????? phagocytosis
  ??????????? ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? steroid ????
  ??????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????
  (varicella), ??????????? staphylococus ???????

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Staphyloccus
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• Environmental factors ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
• Anatomic factors ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

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• Microbial factors ??????????????? (normal flora)
  ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????
  ??????????? ??????????????????????? K
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ???????????? ????????????????????? (pathogenic
  microorganism) ??????? ???????????????????????????
  ????????? ???? ?????? broad-spectrum antibiotic
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????

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• Physiologic fictors ?????????????????????????????
  ?????? ???????????
• ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????????
  ??????????
• ??????? ??? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????????

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???????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????? 2 ????????

• Non-specific immune response
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  specific immune response

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• Barrier ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????
  ?????? (cilia)???????????????????????????????
  barrier ???????????????????????????????????inflamm
  atory response ??? phagocytosis
• Inflammatory response ?????????????????????
  phagocytic cell (neutrophilic granulocyte ???
  macrophage)

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• Phagocytosis ???? cell-eating ????????
  neutrophilic granulocytes ??? ?????
  ???????????????????????????????? (chemotaxis)
  ???????????? (attachment) ??????? (ingestion)
  ???????????????? (intracellular digestion)
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? (elimination)

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• Specific immune response
• ????????????????????????????????????
  non-specific immune response ?????????????????????
  ?????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????
  (antigen) ?????????????? (immunogen)

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• Humoral immune response
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????  (antibody)
  ??????????????????????????????? B Lymphocyte ???
  plasma cell ???????????????????? ?????
  ??????????????????????? specific immunity ???
  complement

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• Cell-mediated immune response ???? Cell-mediated
  immunity (CMI) ????????????????? ??? Specifically
  Sensitized Lymphocyte (SSL) ???? T lymphocyte
  ???????????????????? lymphokines

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Neutrophil/Heterophil
Hemocytoblast (hematopoetic stem cell)
Basophil
Eosiophil
agranulocyte
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• Hemocytoblast (hematopoetic stem
  cell)  ?????????????????????????????????? ????
  Red blood cell, MonocytePolymorphonuclear
  leukocyte ( Neutrophil,eosinophil ???Basophil)
  Lymphocyte ??? Megakaryocyte (????????????????????
   ?????????? (platelets)?????????????????????????
  ?? chromatic ?????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????? ?? cytoplasm ???????????????????????
  ( bone marrow ) ??????????????????? 0.5-1 ??????

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• Neutrophil???????????????????????????????????????
  ????? band shape matrureneutrophil
  ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???60-65 
• ?????????????????????? lope (?????? 2-5 lope) 
  cytoplasm ?????????? specific granule ???
  azurophilic granule ?????????? phagocyte
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????  ???? ?????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? chemotactic substance
  ???????????????????????? lymphocyte

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• Eosiophil ???????????? cytoplasm ?? granule
  ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? 2-5 
  ?????????? phagocyte ?????????????????? antigen-an
  tibody complex  ????????  ??????????
  anaphylatic hypersensitivity ???? ???????
  (parasitic infection) ?????????????? ???
  eosinophil ???????????????(parasitic infection)
  ?????????????? ??? eosinophil ???????????????

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Basophil

•  ???????????? cytoplasm ?? granule
  ??????????????????? ???????? ( neutrophil,
  eosinophil) granule ????????????????? ??
  granule ?????????????????????? histamine ???
  SRS-A ( slow reaction substance of anaphylacxis)
  ???????? receptor ??? IgE ??????? ????????????????
  ?????????????????? (anaphylaxis) 
  ?????????????? ???????????
• 1-2

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Monocyte
Macrophage
lymphocyte
granulocyte
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• Monocyte  ????????????? phagocyte  ?? cytoplasm
  ?????????????????? azurophilic  granule
  ???????????????? ????????? nucleus ??? ????
  ?????? ??????????????? ????????? 
  ????????????????????????? 3-5 ???????????????????
  ?? 5-7 ??? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ? ?????????????????? macrophage 
  ??????????????????? lymphocyte ????? ?????????????
  ???????? monocyte ????????????????????????????????
  ??????? phagocytosis 

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• Macrophage  ????????????????????????????
  phagocytosis ??? ???????????????? monocyte
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? 2 ????????
  ??? fixed macrophage  ????????????
  ??????????????????????????? wandering macrophage
  ????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????? ??????????? ???????? giant cell  

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Lymphocyte
Mast cell
Lymphoblast
Plasma cell
aglanulocyte
Cell immunity
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• Mast cell  ????????????? ?????????? ?????????
  cytoplasm ???? basophilic granule ???????????????
  basophil  ??????????? connective tissue ??????
  (??????????????????????)  ?? granule ????????
  histamine ??? SRS-A ??????????????????
  anaphyactic hypersensitivity ????

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• Lymphocyte  ????????????????? ?? 3 ???????????
  ???? ???? ??????????????????? ????????????????????
  nucleus ????????? ?? cytoplasm ????
  ??????? ?????????  lymphocyte ????????????? 
  ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????
  ?? 20-25  Lymphocyte ?????????????? 2 ??????? T
  - lymphocyte  ???????????????????? cellular
  immunity B - lymphocyte  ????????????????????
  humoral immunity

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• Lymphoblast  ????????????????? lymphocyte
  ?????????????? ?????????? ????? azurophilic
  granule ?? cytoplasm  ???????????????
  germinal center ??? lymphoid follicle ?? lymph
  node ?????????????????????????

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Plasma cell

•   ????????????? ????? cytoplasm
• ???????????? ?? nucleus ???????? chromatin
  ????????????????????????????????????????  ????????
  ??????? lymphoid follicle ????????????????????????
  ? ????????? intestinal mucosa ????????????????????
  ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????? ?????????????????? ????????????????
  lymphocyte ?????????????????????????

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Cellular immunity

• ??????????????????????????????????? 2 ??? ???
• humoral immunity ?????????????? (humor) ???
  antibody ???? immunoglobulin ?????????????????????
  ??? 
• cell-mediated immuniity ??????????????????????????
  ??????????? "?????" ?????????

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• ????????????????????????????????????????????
  cellular immunity ??? humoral immunity
  ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? T cell
  ?????????????????????????????????????? B cell

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T lymphocyte

•  helper T cell   ????????????????????? humoral
  immune response ??? ???? B lymphocyte
  ?????????????????????)  ????????? ???? cellular
  immune response ????
•  suppresssor T cell ??????????????????????????????
  ??? sub population ??? ??????????????? B
  lymphocyte ??? T lymphocyte ?????? ??????????????

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•   killer T cell (cytotoxic T cell) ??????????????
  antigenic cell ???????? suppopulation  ??? helper
  T cell
•  T lymphocyte ????????lymphokines ??????????????
  cell mediated immunity ????????????? ???
  cytotoxic T lymphocyte ???????????????????????????
  ?? lymphokines ????

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•  memory T cell ???????? T lymphocyte ???? sub
  population ????? ??????? sub population
  ????????????? killer T cell ???????? ???????
  ??????? killer T cell ??????????? target cell
  ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????
  SSL -specifically sensitized lymphocyte 

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Humoral immunity

• humoral immunity ?????????????? (humor) ???
  antibody ???? immunoglobulin ?????????????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? 

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• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ?????????????? (gamma globulin)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ??????????????? Immunoglobulin
  ?????????? Ig  ????????????????? 5 ??????? IgG /
  IgA / IgM / IgD / IgE ????????????????????????
  ??????????? (plasma cell) ??? lymphocyte

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• ??????????????????????????????  ???????????? ????
  ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ????????????? ????????
• ??????????????????????-???????????
  ????????????????????? B-lymphocyte

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• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? humoral immunity
•  IgG  ?????????????????????????????????????????-
  ??????????????????????????????????? bacteria /
  virus / toxin ????????????- ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? (secondary immune response) 

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•  IgA ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ????????????????????? ??????????
  ???????????????????????? 1/6 ???
  IgG ????????????????? ?????????  ?????? ?????
  ???????????????????????? ????? ??????? 
  ???????????????????????????????????????????  
  ????????????????/????????????????  
  ???????????????????????? IgA ?????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????

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•  IgM ?????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  lipopolysaccharide ????????????????
• ?????? (???????????????????????????????????????)

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•  IgD ???????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  IgD
•  IgE ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??? ????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???? anaphylaxis ???? type
  I hypersensitivity (????????????????? ????
  ????????) 
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????

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THE END