Principles of Immunology Transplantation Immunology 4/25/06

1
Principles of ImmunologyTransplantation
Immunology4/25/06
2
Word/Terms List

• Allograft
• Autograft
• GVH
• HLA
• Isograft
• MHC
• Xenograft

3
Transplantation Immunology

• Types of transplants
• Autograft
• Isograft
• Allograft
• Xenograft

4
Graft Rejection

• First set
• Second set
• Analogous to primary and secondary antibody
  response

5
(No Transcript)
6
(No Transcript)
7
Causes of Rejection

• MHC HLA antigens in humans
• Haplotypes
• DTH reaction
• Cell-mediated immunity

8
Stages of Rejection

• Sensitization-
• APCs from donor
• APCs from host
• Passenger leukocytes
• CD8 and CD4 both react

9
Stages of Rejection

• Effector stage
• C mediated Ab response
• ADCC
• CTLs
• DTH

10
(No Transcript)
11
Compatibility Tests

• ABO
• Microcytotoxicity
• Pre existing Ab
• C mediated
• Mixed lymphocyte reaction
• Measures T helper activation
• Uses radioactive thymidine as determinant

12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
Clinical Types of Rejection

• Hyperacute
• lt24 hours
• Preexisting Ab
• ABO mismatch
• Acute
• Weeks
• Macrophages
• Cytokines
• Chronic
• Months or longer
• Humoral and cell-mediated

16
(No Transcript)
17
General Immunosupression

• Mitotic Inhibitors
• Affects all rapidly dividing cells
• Steroids
• Anti inflammatory
• Cytokine inhibitors
• Inhibits T cell proliferation

18
Specific Immunosupression

• Monoclonal Ab
• Anti CD3
• Blocking co stimulation
• CTLA injection

19
Immune Tolerance

• Non immunogenic tissue
• Privileged sites
• Induced tolerance