Conflicts in the Middle East

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Conflicts in the Middle East

• (Ch. 18 sec. 4)

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Palestine/Israel

• Considered the Holy Land by the Muslim, Jewish,
  and Christian faiths
• Hebrews (Jews) lose control of the area during
  the first century AD (CE)
• Ottomans (Muslim Turks) control from 15th-20th
  centuries AD (CE)

• After World War I, Ottoman Turks lose this
  territory to Great Britain Britain allows 10
  million Palestinians (mostly Muslim) to stay and
  practice religious freedom

3
Balfour Declaration (1917)

• Arthur Balfour (British Govt official) declares
  Jews should have their own country Israel

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Balfour Declaration (1917)

• Cause 1 increased immigration of Jews to
  Palestine

• Cause 2 Jews requested their own homeland and
  G.B. did not want to lose support of Jews during
  World War I

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Balfour Declaration (1917)

• Effect 1
• Issue of Jewish homeland not settled in 1917

• Effect 2
• British left the issue to the UN to decide after
  World War II

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Independent Israel Created

• May 14, 1948 Israel declares itself a new nation

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Independent Israel Created

• Cause 1
• UN recommends taking a part of Palestine (British
  colony before WWII) and giving it to Jews for
  Israel

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Independent Israel Created

• Cause 3
• International sympathy for Jews after
• Holocaust

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Independent Israel Created

• Effect 1 full scale Arab-Israeli war because
  millions of Palestinians were left with out a
  country when their land was given to Jews for
  Israel

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1956 Arab-Israeli War

• Cause 1 millions of Palestinians were left with
  out a country when their land was given to Jews
  for Israel

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1956 Arab-Israeli War

• Cause 2 Egypt seizes the Suez Canal from Israel

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1956 Arab-Israeli War

• Effect 1 Israel defeats Egypt

• Effect 3 Great Britain/France supported Israel
  in the conflict

• Effect 2 Israel invades
• parts of Egypt

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1956 Arab-Israeli War

• Under international pressure Israel gives Suez
  Canal back to Egypt
• ends the crisis

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1967 Six-Day War

• Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria, and Jordan

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1967 Six-Day War

• Israel vs. Egypt, Iran, Syria, and Jordan
• vs.

• Cause 2 Rising tensions between Arab states
  and Israel after the 1956 war

• Cause 1 Uneasy truce after 1956 war

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1967 Six-Day War

• Cause 3 Egypt (armed with Soviet weapons) and
  other Arab nations prepared for war

• Cause 4 June 5, 1967 Israel attacked Iran,
  Egypt, Jordan, and Syria first

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1967 Six-Day War

• Cause 5 Six days Israel lost 800
• Egypt, Iran, Syria, Jordan lost 15,000 combined

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1967 Six-Day War

• Effect 1 Israel took West Bank from Jordan

• Effect 2 Israel took Golan Heights from Syria

• Effect 3 Israel took Sinai Peninsula from Egypt

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Yom Kippur War (October 1973)

• Cause 1 Arab nations jointly attacked Israel on
  holiest Jewish holiday

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Yom Kippur War (October 1973)

• Effect 1 Caught Israelis off guard

• Effect 2 Arabs nations reclaimed some of lost
  territory

• Effect 3 Israel counter attacked and took back
  lost territory

• Effect 4 uneasy truce after weeks of fighting

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Camp David Accords 1978
Cause 2 US President Jimmy Carter offered to
facilitate peace agreement at Camp David, Maryland

• Cause 1 Egypt offers permanent peace to Israel

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Camp David Accords 1978

• Effect 1 Egypt first Arab nation to recognize
  Israel as legitimate nation

• Effect 2 Israel gives Sinai Peninsula back to
  Egypt

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Camp David Accords 1978

• Effect 3 ends 30 years of hostilities between
  Israel and Egypt

• Effect 4 Egypt president Anwar Sadat
  assassinated by Egyptian extremists

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Declaration of Principles (September 1993)

• Cause 1 ongoing Palestinian/Israeli conflicts

• Cause 2 conflicts led to a series of peace
  talks facilitated by US President Bill Clinton

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Declaration of Principles (September 1993)

• Effect 2 Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
  assassinated by Israeli extremist in 1995

• Effect 1 Israel grants self-rule to
  Palestinians in West Bank and Gaza Strip