Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

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Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution
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The Haves

• The entrepreneurs (Individuals who start a new
  business) who opened factories and shipping
  companies became very rich during the early
  industrial revolution.

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The Have-Nots

• The people who worked in the factories for the
  entrepreneurs (the working class), were
  soul-crushingly poor

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Urbanization

• Urbanization The movement of people to the
  cities
• The Industrial revolution brought rapid
  urbanization.

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Causes of Urbanization

• Population explosion
• High demand for workers

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Dont Forget!

• The enclosure movement pushed people off the
  farms and into the cities

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City Life

• Cities grew around factories
• These cities grew rapidly, without planning
• Working people lived in tenements in hellish
  slums
• The lack of planning meant that there was no
  sewage, running water, or sanitation system

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No sanitation meant the streets were filled with
trash
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The crowded, filthy slums were a breeding ground
for diseases such as cholera
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Working Life in Factories

• Factory work was difficult and dangerous
• Typical shifts lasted 12 to 16 hours
• If you complained, you were fired.
• If you got sick, you were fired.
• If you got hurt and could no longer work, you
  were fired.

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Women at Work

• Factory owners hired women because they could pay
  them less
• Women with families worked 12 hours a day and
  were still expected to cook, clean, etc. when
  they finally got home.

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Children at Work

• Families needed the income working children could
  provide.
• Children could be hired at very low wages
• Children worked in the same dangerous factories,
  for the same long hours

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Workers respond to the awful conditions of their
lives

• 1) Workers protested their conditions
• These protests were put down violently by the
  British government

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Worker Responsecontinued

• 2) Luddites skilled workers rejected the new
  machines that cost them their jobs by smashing
  them

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Worker responsecontinued

• 3) Methodism a new religious movement founded by
  John Wesley. Working people tried to focus on a
  better life to come rather than their lives on
  earth

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New Ways of Thinking

• The industrial revolution changed the way people
  thought about everything from economics to the
  way governments should work.

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Economics

• David Ricardo
• The Iron Law of Wages
• Workers should be paid only enough to survive
• If they make more money, they will have more
  children, become poor die off from starvation

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Iron Law of Wagescontinued

• Workers should be satisfied with their wages,
  because they are at a natural level
• Ricardos ideas lead many to the conclusion that
  people are poor because of some personal flaw in
  their character

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The Rise of Socialism

• Critics of the industrial revolution wanted a
  more equal distribution of wealth
• Many were labeled Utopians because people
  thought their ideas would be impossible to put
  into practice.

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Rise of Socialism

• Robert Owen Set up ideal working community
  called New Harmony. Workers worked less,
  children were taken care of while parents worked
  productivity and profits increased.

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Communism Capitalism

• Karl Marx and Frederic Engels witnessed the
  horrors of industrialization
• Together they wrote The Communist Manifesto.
• The following chart outlines the differences
  between capitalism communism

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Capitalism Communism
Founder Adam Smith Karl Marx
Books The Wealth of Nations The Communist Manifesto Das Kapital
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Capitalism Communism
View of Government Government should not interfere with economy laissez-faire Everything is owned by the government Government closely regulates the economy (sets prices, tells factories what to make, etc.)
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View of people People become wealthy because they offer a good or service that people want to buy People should cooperate to achieve success, no competition Everyone should have an equal share of the wealth/property
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How to improve social conditions? If people work hard enough, they can lift themselves out of poverty Government ownership of the economy will end hunger, poverty, and slave-like working conditions From each according to their abilities to each according to their needs
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Individual Freedoms People are free to choose their own careers Freedom of religion Freedom is more important than security Government determines job placement Religion is the opiate of the masses and should be done away with Sacrifice freedom for security
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On the future Capitalism is the only efficient economic system Its not perfect, but its the best we can do Capitalism will destroy itself Workers will eventually rise up in a violent revolution and take power The future of the world is communism
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Legislation Reform

• Early attempts to regulate factories were weak
  and ineffective
• Unions were outlawed because they would interfere
  with the natural orderremember Ricardo

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Legislation Reform

• Child labor was only limited, not abolished
• Kids in textile mills only were limited to 12
  hour workdays. Those in mines, shipyards and
  factories worked more than 12 hours a day

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Legislation Reform

• Factory Acts of 1833, 1842 1847
• limited child labor
• Prohibited children under 10 in the mines
• Set the maximum number of working hours for women
  and children at 10.