Scripting 101 for Network Administrators

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Scripting 101 for Network Administrators

• Jim Kent, Network Administrator
• Ave Maria Law School

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What is scripting ?

• Autoexec.bat, batch file scripts.
• Network login scripts.
• A script is a set of commands aimed at automating
  a process.
• Scripts are usually setup to solve a problem.

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How to turn off the computers in the lab at the
end of the day?

• shutdown -s -m \\hflyb01 -t 05 -f
• shutdown -s -m \\805x20b -t 05 -f
• shutdown -s -m \\535x20b -t 05 -f
• shutdown -s -m \\705x20b -t 05 f
• Shutdown.exe is an add on from the resource kit.

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What are we going to cover

• WSH (Windows Script Host)
• VBScript (Visual Basic Scripting)
• WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation)
• ADSI (Active Directory Service Interfaces)

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Simple Script

• Set objWMIService GetObject("winmgmts")
• Set objLogicalDisk objWMIService.Get
  ("Win32_LogicalDisk.DeviceID'c'")
• Wscript.Echo objLogicalDisk.Freespace

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Free space on the local C drive
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Display Memory Script

• strComputer "."
• Set objSWBemServices GetObject ("winmgmts\\"
  strComputer)
• Set colSWbemObjectSet objSWbemServices.
  InstancesOf("Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration")
• For Each objSWBemObject in colSWbemObjectSet
• Wscript.Echo "Total Physical Memory (kb) "
  objSWbemObject.TotalPhysicalMemory
• next

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Output from Memory Script
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Output window

• Set ie WScript.CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Ap
  plication", "IE_")
• ie.Navigate "aboutblank"
• ie.ToolBar 0
• ie.StatusBar 0
• ie.Width 600
• ie.Height 500
• ie.Left 0
• ie.top 0
• ie.Visible 1

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Empty IE Window
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Display Services

• Use WMI to output all the services on the
  computer. Also show the status of each service.

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• Do While (ie.Busy)
• Loop
• Set objDoc ie.Document
• objdoc.Open
• objdoc.Writeln "lthtmlgtltheadgtlttitlegtService Status
  lt/titlegtlt/headgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "ltbody bgcolor'white'gt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttable width'100'gt"
• objdoc.Writeln lttrgtlttd width'50'gtltbgt
  Servicelt/bgtlt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtltbgtState
  lt/bgtlt/tdgtlt/trgt"

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• strComputer "."
• Set objWMIService GetObject("winmgmts"
  "impersonationLevelimpersonate!\\"
  strComputer "\root\cimv2")
• Set colServicesobjWMIService.ExecQuery ("Select
  from Win32_Service")
• For Each objService in colServices
• objdoc.Writeln lttrgtlttd width'50'gt"
  objService.DisplayName "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  objService.State "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• Next
• objdoc.Writeln lt/tablegtlt/bodygtlt/htmlgt"
• objdoc.Write()
• objdoc.Close

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Display Info from a computer

• Use WMI to display the following stats.
• Display Computer Name
• Display the total physical ram in computer
• Display the time zone.

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• strComputer "."
• Set objWMIService GetObject("winmgmts"
  "impersonationLevelimpersonate!\\"
  strComputer "\root\cimv2")
• Set colSettings objWMIService.ExecQuery
  ("Select From Win32_ComputerSystem")
• For Each objComputer in colSettings
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gtComputger
  Name lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  objComputer.Name "lt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gtTotal Memory
  lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  int((objComputer.TotalPhysicalMemory)/1048576)
  "lt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• Next
• Set colSettings objWMIService.ExecQuery
  ("Select From Win32_TimeZone")
• For Each objComputer in colSettings
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gtTimezone
  lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  objComputer.DayLightName "lt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• Next

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Display same info on multiple computers

• Add the ability to read a text file of computer
  names.
• Use IE window to output the data for each
  computer.

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• Const ForReading 1
• Set objFSO CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObj
  ect")
• Set objFile objFSO.OpenTextFile("c\cpu.txt",
  ForReading)
• lt more code was heregt
• Do While objFile.AtEndOfStream false
• strComputer objFile.ReadLine
• ltcode for outputting data on strComputergt
• Loop
• objFile.Close

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Local logged on user

• Use WMI to display the logged on user.
• Setup script to show the user on all lab
  computers.
• Use a text file list of computers to check.

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• Do While objFile.AtEndOfStream false
• strComputer objFile.ReadLine
• Set objWMIService GetObject("winmgmts"
  "impersonationLevelimpersonate!\\"
  strComputer "\root\cimv2")
• Set colSettings objWMIService.ExecQuery
  ("Select From Win32_ComputerSystem")
• For Each objComputer in colSettings
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gt"
  strComputer "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  objComputer.username "lt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• Next

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Users logged into lab computers
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WMI

• WMI comes standard preloaded and setup on Windows
  2000/XP computers.
• Make sure the WMI service is running.
• Key to WMI is finding the class you want to
  query.
• Must have admin rights on local PC or networked
  pc to get any info back.

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Download Scriptomatic
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ADSI

• Released in 1997 as a set of generic interfaces
  that access and manipulate different directory
  services.
• Admins and Developers can use ADSI to enumerate
  and managed resources in a directory service.
• Can Read, Modify, Create and Delete domain
  objects.

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All Users Script

• Set Computer GetObject("WinNT//avemaria")
• Computer.Filter Array("User")
• For Each User in Computer
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtUserName lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt" User.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• Next

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All Users
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Display all Domain Groups

• Set Computer GetObject("WinNT//avemaria")
• Computer.Filter Array("Group")
• For Each Group in Computer
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gtGroupName
  lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt" Group.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• Next

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Display members of Student Group

• Set Group GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/students,
  group")
• For Each User in Group.Members
• objdoc.Writeln lttrgtlttd width'50'gtUserName
  lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt" User.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• count count 1
• Next

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Display all groups of each student

• Set Group GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/students,
  group")
• For Each User in Group.Members
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gt"
  User.FullName "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtlt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gt" User.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtlt/tdgtlt/trgt"
• Set User GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/"
  User.Name ",user")
• For Each Group in User.Group
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gtlt/tdgt"
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gt"
  Group.Name "lt/tdgtlttrgt
• Next
• Next

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User Properties
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Password Never Expires Flag?

• Set Group GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/students,
  group")
• For Each User in Group.Members
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gt" User.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• Set User GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/"
  User.Name ",user")
• flags User.Get("UserFlags")
• If (Flags And H10000) 0 then
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtPassword
  will expirelt/tdgt"
• Else
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtPassword
  does not expirelt/tdgt"
• End If
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• Next

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Force Password change flag

• Force user to change password on next logon flag

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• Set Group GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/students,
  group")
• For Each User in Group.Members
• objdoc.Writeln "lttrgtlttd width'50'gt" User.Name
  "lt/tdgt"
• Set User GetObject("WinNT//avemaria/"
  User.Name ",user")
• if User.passwordexpired 0 then
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtPassword
  safelt/tdgt"
• else
• objdoc.Writeln "lttd width'50'gtForce
  change setlt/tdgt"
• End If
• objdoc.Writeln "lt/trgt"
• Next

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Modify User Flags
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Create User Accounts

• Use text file for data source.
• Source reads one line of text at a time.
• Use character to separate fields
• Usernamepasswordfullname Descriptionloginscrip
  t
• kent1password1234kent, test1Test Account
  student.bat

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• Do While objFile.AtEndOfStream false
• strdataline objFile.ReadLine
• myuser Split(strdataline,"")
• Set Computer GetObject("WinNT//avemaria")
• Set User computer.create("User",myuser(0))
• call User.SetPassword(myuser(1))
• user.fullname myuser(2)
• user.Descriptionmyuser(3)
• user.loginscriptmyuser(4)
• user.setinfo
• Wscript.echo "Created user " myuser(0)
• Loop

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ResourcesMicrosoft Scripting Guide
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Resources

• http//www.microsoft.com/technet/community/scriptc
  enter/default.mspx
• http//www.winscripter.com
• http//www.adsi4nt.com
• http//www.15seconds.com/focus/ADSI.htm