Cell Organelles

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Cell Organelles

• Concepts 6.4 and 6.5

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The three main parts of a cell

• Boundary
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Each of the following organelles is found in one
  of these parts of the cell

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Cell Membrane

• Function selectively permeable membrane that
  protects the cell by controlling what enters and
  leaves the cell
• Is like aguard, because a cell membrane controls
  what enters and leaves a cell, like a guard
  controls what enters and leaves a building

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Cell Wall

• Function protects and gives shape to a cell.
• Is like ashoe, because a shoe protects a foot,
  like a cell wall protects a cell

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No cell wall in animal cells!
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Chloroplasts

• Site of photosyntheis
• Are like a cheese factory, because a cheese
  factory is a place that makes food for people,
  and chloroplasts are a place that make food for
  plants

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No Chloroplasts in Animal Cells!
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Chromosomes

• Structures that are made of DNA
• Are likecabinets, because chromosomes are
  structures that organize DNA, like cabinets are
  structures that organize dishes.

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Cytoplasm

• Is the gel-like material that holds all of the
  organelles in their places
• Is like hairspray, because cytoplasm holds
  organelles in place, like hairspray holds hair in
  place

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Allows materials to be transported around the
  cell
• Is like a highway, because the ER allows things
  to be transported around a cell, like a highway
  allows things to be transported around the country

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Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body)

• Modifies, packages and ships proteins for
  transport throughout the cell
• Is like the post office, because the golgi
  modifies, packages and ships proteins for
  transport, like the post office modifies,
  packages and ships letters for transport

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Lysosome

• Use enzymes to digest (break down) old cell
  parts, food, invading viruses or bacteria
• Is like a garbage disposal, because lysosomes
  breaks down old cell parts, like a garbage
  disposal breaks up old food

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Lysosomes often not found in plant cells
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Mitochondria

• Supplies the cell with energy
• Are like a power plant, because mitochondria
  provide the cell with energy, like a power plant
  provides a city with energy

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Nuclear Membrane (Envelope)

• Protective membrane around the nucleus that
  controls what is allowed to enter or leave the
  nucleus
• Is like a glove, because the nuclear membrane
  protects the nucleus, like a glove protects the
  hand

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Nucleolus

• Makes ribosomes
• Is like a chef, because a nucleolus makes
  ribosomes, like a chef makes a meal

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Nucleus

• Control center of the cell
• Is like the white house, because the white house
  is the control center of the USA.

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Ribosomes

• Are the site of protein synthesis
• Are likea chocolate factory, because ribosomes
  are where proteins are made and a chocolate
  factory is where chocolate is made.

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Vacuole

• Stores food, water or waste products
• Is like a refrigerator, because a vacuole stores
  food, and a refrigerator stores food

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Cilia

• sensory cellular antennae that help cell
  movement, or of movement over a cells surface.
• Cilia are like brooms, because cilia move items
  across a cells surface, like brooms move items
  across the floor.

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No cilia in this animal cell.
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Cilia

• The cilia in these protists are stained blue

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Cilia

• Mucus traps microorganisms and prevents them from
  doing harm to the body.
• Cilia on the surface of the epithelial cells
  propels mucus and trapped microbes upwards
  towards the throat where it is swallowed or
  coughed up.

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Cilia are rare in plant cells.
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Flagella

• Tail like structures that propel a cell
• Are like propellers because flagella move cells
  forward like propellers move boats forward.

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Flagella

• Escherichia coli cells use long, thin
  structures called flagella to propel themselves.
  These flagella form bundles that rotate
  counter-clockwise, creating a torque that causes
  the bacterium to rotate clockwise.

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No flagella in plant cells.
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Color-Code your chart!

• Now mark your chart.
• Organelles that are found in the boundary mark
  with a BLUE highlighter / marker / colored pencil
• Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm mark
  with a YELLOW highlighter / marker / colored
  pencil
• Organelles that are found in the nucleus mark
  with a RED highlighter / marker / colored pencil