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Integrated Oceans and Coastal Zone Management

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Vad h nder med haven? Olof Linden World Maritime University Sk nska Utvecklingsdagen November 2005 Presentationen har inf r publicering p skane.se rensats p ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Integrated Oceans and Coastal Zone Management


1
Vad händer med haven?
Olof Linden World Maritime University Skånska
Utvecklingsdagen November 2005
Presentationen har inför publicering på skane.se
rensats på bildelement pga utrymmesskäl.
2
Vilka är de viktigaste frågorna?
- Ökande fartygstransporter
- Föroreningar från land och luft
- Fisket
- Mer bebyggelse utefter kusten, urbanisering,
turism
- Klimatförändringar, havsnivåökning, mera
erosion
3
2000 fraktades 50 milj ton olja t Finska Viken
beräknas öka till 200 milj ton 2010 Regelbunden
is över viktiga delar av Östersjön. Upp till 2 m
tjock is och 10 m höga vallar Övergödningen
delvis naturlig och påverkas av storskaliga
förlopp och fenomen Svårnedbrytbara gifter
minskar Invasiva arter sprider sig allt oftare
och snabbare, över 60 nya arter i Östersjön
4
  • The catastrophic state of the Baltic Fisheries
  • The most valuable commercial stocks today are
    either fished at MSY or beyond
  • The overfishing is influencing the entire Baltic
    Sea ecosystem
  • Overcapitalization mainly due to subsidies
    political decision-making not based on ecological
    conditions poor statistics poor surveillance
    and enforcement

5
Integrerad kustplanering Varför?
  • The open access
  • Ökande befolkning i kustzonen, urbaniseringen
  • Betydelsen av fisk som proteinkälla /
    överfiskeproblemet
  • Biologisk produktivitet i kustvatten
  • Habitatförstörelsen
  • User conflicts
  • Behoven av samarbete mellan intressenter,
    myndigheter, organisationer och företag
  • Fartygstransporter blir allt viktigare

6
Redskap och mål för Integrerad Kustzonsplanering
  • Sustainable development
  • Lösa konflikter
  • Gynna ekonomisk utveckling i flera sektorer
  • Nationell policy
  • Lokala och regionala myndigheters roll
  • Intressenter mÃ¥ste delta i beslutsprocessen
  • Multisectoral inter-agency
  • cooperation
  • Regler och lagar tex PSSA

7
What is integrated?
  • Physical (inland, river basin,
  • coastal, delta, offshore)
  • Stakeholders (oil, fishing, tourism, urban
    planning, industry, environment protection,
    agriculture, mining, forestry and the maritime
    sector)
  • Government (different levels)
  • Science-management (natural, social, engineering)
  • International (transboundary issues)

8
The Functions
  • Area planning, zooning, provide long-term vision
  • Promotion of economic development, housing,
    public access, tourism, aquaculture, shipping and
    port operations
  • Stuardship of resources
  • Conflict resoultion

9
PSSA An area of the sea which needs special
protection through actions by IMO, because of its
significance for recognized ecological or
socio-economic or scientific reasons and which
may be vulnerable to damage by international
shipping activities
10
PSSA Fundamentals Establish vulnerability very
specifically Associated Protective Measures
(APMs) (need evidence (eg history of
damage)) (should be tailored to threat) Legal
basis for APM (existing IMO routing) (amendment
to existing IMO instrument or creation of new
instrument) (UNCLOS)
11
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA)
Categories - Ecological - Social, cultural,
economic - Scientific, educational
12
  • Benefits
  • - International recognition of local priorities
  • - Shipping must take action
  • - Additional protective measures
  • - Potential social/economic benefits

13
  • Burdens
  • Additional costs
  • Policing and monitoring responsabilities
  • Conflict between stakeholders
  • Confusion between navigational safety and
  • environmental protection on charts

14
Examples of Associated Protective Measures
(APM) Traffic Separation Scheems new, modified
or extended Vessel reporting and
routing Compulsory pilotage Areas to be
avoided Certain activities prohibited Legal
Framework UNCLOS Regulations under IMO MARPOL
73/78
15
IMO/MEPC PSSA-processen gör det möjligt för
flera parter från lokal nivå att ta del i
beslutsprocessen genom den konsultationsprocess
som är nödvändig innan IMO kan bestämma om APM
(Associated Protective Measures)
16
Current situation
Great Barrier Reef 1991 Sabana-Camaguey, Cuba
1997 Malpelo Islands, Colombia, 2002 Florida
Keys, 2002 Wadden Sea, 2002 Paracas National
Park, Peru, 2003 Torres Straits 2004 Western
Europe, 2005 Baltic Sea, 2005 Canary Islands,
2005 Galapagos, 2005
Shipping and the Maritime Industry and coastal
and ocean management
17
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