Human Needs: Back to the Basics

1
Human NeedsBack to the Basics

• Chapter 6

Prof. Chichi Johnson RNC, MSN, LL.B
2
Basic Needs

• Physical
• Physiologic
• Emotional
• Environmental
• Social
• Societal

3
Maslows Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
4
Survival vs Spiritual Needs
5
Self-ActualizationA Lifelong Goal

• Alterations/Life Changes
• ?
• Reordering of priorities
• Revisit and repeat meeting of basic needs
  

6
Support SystemsFamily Community

• Group of people who
• Live in a common geographic area
• Share common values
• Share common interests and/or needs
• Influence health maintenance behaviors
• Provide social supports

• Many definitions.
• People related by blood
• People emotionally tied to one another.
• Role of family To help meet basic needs of its
  members and of society.

7
Community Support Networks

• 
  
  
  

8
Promote Health

• Prevent Illness

9
Health

• A state of complete physical, mental, and social
  well-being, not merely the absence of disease or
  infirmity. (World Health Organization, 1947)
• Health is influenced by many factors
• Risk for illness
• Self-concept
• Meeting of basic needs
• All people free of disease are not equally
  healthy. (Pender, 1996)

10
Illness and Diesease

• Illness A state in which a persons physical,
  emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or
  spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
  compared with previous experience.
• Disease A medical term describing pathologic
  changes in structure or function of body or mind.
• NOT ALWAYS SYNONYMOUS!

11
IllnessAcute Chronic

• May have slow onset
• Periods of remission and exacerbation
• Causes permanent alterations in anatomy and
  physiology
• Requires long term care and support
• Must accept and adapt to changes in daily life
  routines

• Rapid onset
• Symptoms appear and climax
• Resolves in a short time
• Often does not require outside medical
  interventions
• Normal functioning returns with resolution.

12
How Do People Define Themselves As Sick?

• Symptoms I feel sick
• Pain Fever Physical Manifestation
• Assume the Sick Role
• Alter or abstain from regular activities
• Treatment/Medication/Enter health care system
• Become a patient
• Dependent role
• Follow prescription/treatment plan
• Recovery and Rehabilitation

13
Impact of Illness on Life Liberty and the Pursuit
of Happiness

• Behavioral/Emotional Changes
• Body Image
• Self-Concept/Self Esteem
• Family Roles and Dynamics

14
Models of Health and Illness

• Health Belief Model
• Health-Illness Continuum
• Health Promotion Model

15
Health Belief Model Rosenstoch, Becker and
Maiman
This model helps nurses to understand how
external as well as internal factors influence
the patients health care beliefs, their view of
their health, and their attitude towards making
changes in their lifestyle and practices in order
to maintain or restore their health.
16
Health Belief Model

• Rosenstoch, Becker and Maiman Addresses
  relationship between a persons beliefs and their
  behavior
• Perception of
• Susceptibility
• Seriousness
• Benefits to and barriers of adhering to medical
  therapies and lifestyle changes

17
Health Illness Continuum
Health is also viewed as a constantly changing
state
18
Health Promotion Nola Pender

• Health promotion directed at increasing a
  persons level of well being
• Focuses on 3 areas
• Individual characteristics and behaviors
• Behavior specific knowledge
• Behavioral outcomes
• Health-promoting behavior desired behavioral
  outcome and end point

19
Factors Affecting Health

• And Illness

20
Factors Affecting Health

• There are many factors that influence health
  status.
• General Risk Factors
• Age
• Genetics/Family History
• Physiologic Factors
• Health Habits/Lifestyle
• Environment

21
Risk Factor Identification, Modification, and
Education

• Goal of risk factors identification
• Assist in visualization of areas of life that can
  be changed, modified, or eliminated to promote
  wellness and prevent illness
• Identify risk factors
• Support and assist health behavior changes
• Increase knowledge
• Written instructions
• Face-to-face instruction/discussions
• Support groups

22

• Questions?