AP World History Chapter 14

1
AP World HistoryChapter 14

• The Last Nomadic Challenge
• From Chinggis Khan to Timur

2
(No Transcript)
3
Mongol Culture

• Nomadic pastoralists
• Goats, sheep
• Tribe
• Divided into clans
• Temporary confederations
• Leaders elected

4
Khan

• Kabul Khan
• 1100s, defeats Qin forces
• Grandson, Temujin
• Chinggis Khan 1207, expedition
• Xi-Xia, Tangut king defeated
• Kara Khitai defeated
• Mongolian Unity
• Khwarazm, Muhammad Shah II defeated
• Xi-Xia kingdom and Qin Empire destroyed
• 1227, death of Chinggis Khan
• Capital at karakorum
• Shamanistic
• Tolerated other religions
• New administration
• Commerce thrives

5
Khan

• Chinggis Khan
• Born Temujin
• Develops alliances among Mongols
• 1206, elected khagan (supreme ruler)
• 1227, division of empire
• Three sons, one grandson
• Ogedei, third son
• Elected great khan

6
Building the Mongol War Machine

• Mounted warriors
• Tumens,10,000 troops
• Messenger force
• Adopted gunpowder, cannons

7
Mongol Conquests

• Mongols first invaded kingdoms in China then
  turned west to the Islamic world and finally
  conquered the kingdoms of Russia.
• Chinggis Khan (Genghis Khan) mobilized the Horde
  to invade many countries outside of Mongolia.
• Mongols were the most formidable nomadic
  challenge to the stationary civilizations.
• Their powerful short bows, fired from horseback,
  were devastating weapons.
• Harsh discipline, enforced through a formal code,
  brought punishments and rewards for conduct.

8
China Under Mongol Rule

• The Mongols conquered the Northern kingdoms of
  China. (Xi and Xia, completely destroyed over
  two million people)
• The Mongols captured fortified cities those that
  resisted were either killed or enslaved.

9
Mongols in Europe

• The armies of the Golden Horde, swept westward
  till they reached into Poland and Russia.
• The Khans defeated the Russians in 1236 CE.
• Kingdoms were spared if they paid tribute.
  Kingdoms that refused were burned to the ground
  and the soil was turned red with blood.
• Ogedei renews attack on China
• Kubilai Khan
• Grandson of Chinggis Khan
• Attacks Song
• 1271, transformation to Yuan dynasty
• Capital at Tatu (Beijing)

10
Building the Mongol War Machine

• Mounted warriors
• Tumens,10,000 troops
• Messenger force
• Adopted gunpowder, cannons

11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Mongol Positives

• Mongol women retain liberties
• Chabi, wife of Kubilai, influential
• Mongol patronage
• Attracts scholars, artists
• Religious toleration
• Buddhists, Nestorians, Latin Christians, Daoists,
  Muslims
• Marco Polo
• Visits courtKubilai
• China
• Protects peasant lands
• Famine relief
• Tax, labor burden lessened

14
The Brief Ride of Timur

• Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane)
• Turkish
• Base at Samarkand
• 1405, death
• Empire dissolves
• End of steppe nomad conquests