Whey

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Whey Benefits to sports performance, strength
gains and in the prevention of sarcopenia

• David Cameron-Smith
• School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
• Deakin University
• AUSTRALIA

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Muscle Physiology and Function

• Largest tissue of the human body
• Responsible for the vast majority of energy use
• Primary site of glucose disposal, fat use and
  protein stores
• Major site of hormone action (insulin)

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Muscle Structure
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Adult Stem Cell Satellite cells
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Muscle to Fat - Maybe
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Dynamic Regulation
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Real Athletes - Real Adaptation Require
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Dynamic Regulation - Disease
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Skeletal Muscle
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Smaller, fattier and stiffer
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Partial Reversal Only Partial
Taaffe DR, et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999471208-14
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3 Aims

• Promote growth in athletes muscle hypertrophy
  and strength gains
• Improve recovery an performance
• Effectively maintain muscle mass in elderly
  sarcopenia prevention

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The role of Protein Nutrition in Muscular growth
BALANCE
MEAL MEAL MEAL
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Exercise Activation of protein synthesis
Rasmussen BB et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 88386-92,
2000
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Central Dogma
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Ribosomes The Key Link Genes to Protein Synthesis
http//cellbio.utmb.edu/cellbio/rer4.jpg
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Translational Control
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Mechanisms of Translation Activation
Averous J Proud CG.  Oncogene. 25(48)6423-35,
2006.
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Amino Acids
Insulin IGF-1
Stretch
Pouysségur et al Nature 441 437-443, 2006.
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Activation of S6K post-exercise
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(No Transcript)
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Absence of branched-chain aminotransferase in
liver
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Branched Chain Amino-Acids in Foods
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Correlation between Leucine and Protein Synthesis
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Exercise and whey in Strength Training
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Does Whey activate protein combined with exercise
have additive effect?
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Exercise and Whey Protein in Older People
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The Complications of Age
Cuthbertson et al. FASEB J. 2005 19(3)422
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Older Males (65-75 years)
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Implications

1. In young males 26 grams whey protein ingested
   immediately after strength exercise activates
   cellular machinery required for protein
   synthesis.
2. Sports formulations with Whey Protein will
   activate protein synthesis in the young and old
3. The timing of ingestion is important at the
   time of exercise to maximise the benefits
4. The high leucine content and the fast digestion
   of whey protein make it ideal for all sports

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EVERYONE WHO EXERCISES SHOULD TAKE WHEY PROTEIN
TO HELP BUILD MUSCLES.
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Recover is more than protein synthesis
Infiltrating Macrophages
Visualisation of Muscle Damage
Frenette et al. Am. J. Physiol Regul. Integr.
Physiol. 285(4)R727-32, 2003
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The Inflammatory response to Exercise
Plasma Concentrations
Petersen AMW Pedersen BK. J Appl Physiol
981154-1162, 2005
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The Impact of Whey on the Inflammatory Response
To Exercise

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The Implications

• Whey protein ingestion may alleviate muscle
  soreness by reducing local immune responses
  within human muscle.
• Mechanisms are unknown.
• Whey protein enhances glycogen re-synthesis.
• Protein added to sports drinks assist with
  re-hydration.
• THE FUTURE?
• Whey combating inflammation in Chronic disease??

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Milk is Ok Whey Protein is Far Superior
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Whey Proteins