Peace Operations

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Peace Operations

• The Regionalization of Peace Operations

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Content

• Conceptual challenge and Political issue
• Legal aspects
• Historical evolution
• Advantage et inconvenient
• Inventory
• New trend interinstitutional cooperation
• Conclusion

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1. Conceptual challenge and political issue

• 1.1. Various meanings (positive)
• Increasing RO involvement in Peace Operations
• Selective commitment of Big Powers
• Regional contributing countries

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1. Conceptual challenge and political issue (2)

• 1.2. Various meanings (Negative)
• Fading out of UN role
• Lack of interest of Western powers for
  out-of-area conflicts
• Withdrawal of Western powers from selected areas

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2. Legal aspects

• UN Charter Chapter VIII
• Art.52 1  do not prevent  if  compatible 
• 2 et 3 implicit subsidiarity principle
  (Chapter VI)
• Art.53 SC monopole for coercive action (Chapter
  VII)

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3. Historical evolution

• 3.1. An agenda for peace (1992)
• Increasing role of RO
• Pragmatic approach
• Method subordination
• UN AG Resolution (1993)

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3. Historical evolution (2)

• 3.2. Supplement to An Agenda for Peace
• 4 methods of cooperation
• Consultation
• Diplomatic support
• Task sharing
• Joint operation

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3. Historical evolution (3)

• 4 principles
• UN-RO consultation mechanisms
• United Nations primacy
• Clear tasks sharing
• Consistency of member states action

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3. Historical Evolution (4)

• 3.3. Brahimi Report (2000)
•  Encourage UN-RO cooperation
• Disparity of RO capacities
• Training and support to RO

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3. Historical Evolution (4)

• 3.4. Recent trends
• SC Presidential Statement
• Increasing number of actors

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4. Advantages and Inconvenient

• 4.1. Advantages
• Proximity
• Rapidity
• Involvement and commitment
• Higher consensus probability
• Parties consent
• Non involvement of external powers

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4. Advantages and inconvenient

• 4.2. Inconvenient
• Neutrality more difficult
• Agenda of regional powers
• Capacity
• Legitimacy
• External influence

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4. Advantages and inconvenient

• 4.3. Underlying political debate
• Central role of Security Council
• Western troops under Blue Helmet?
• Enhancement of regional peacekeeping capacities

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5. Inventory

• 5.1. Organization of American States
• RO recognized by UN
• Non military contributions in the 90s (Salvador,
  Haiti)
• No planning capacity for military operations

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5. Inventory (2)

• 5.2. ASEAN
• More a forum than an OR
• Preference for UN action (Cambodia)
• Ad hoc coalition (Eastern Timor)

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5. Inventory (3)

• 5.3. European Union
• Headline Goal (Helsinki 1999) 60 000 soldiers
• 13  Battlegroups 
• Shortfalls strategic tpt., comm., intelligence
• UE staff but no planning capacity
•  Berlin plus 

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5. Inventory (4)

• 5.4. OSCE
• Support to peace operations (niche between EU and
  NATO)
• Reform of security sector
• Election Process
• Human rights monitoring

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5. Inventory (5)

• 5.5. African Union
• Peace and Security Council
• Stand-by African Forces (FAA)
• 1 brigade (5000 h.) in each of the 5 subregions
• 6 scenarios
• RECAMP, ACRI, ACOTA (African Contingency
  Operations Training and Assistance program)

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5. Inventory (6)

• 5.6. NATO
• Military alliance turned to regional security
  organization
• Structures and efficiency inherited from the Cold
  War
• Balkans SFOR, IFOR, KFOR
• Afghanistan ISAF
• NATO Response Force (NRF) 17 000 .

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6. New Trend Interinstitutional Cooperation

• Tasks Sharing (Afgh., Kosovo)
• Sequential Deployment (Chad)
• Joint Operation ( Hybrid )

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Joint Appointments
Joint Special Representative
Deputy Joint Representative
Force Commander
Police Commissioner
Force Commander
Deputy Force Commander
Deputy Police Commissioner
Deputy Force Commander
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Peace and Security Council
Security Council
Commission
Peace and Security
Secretary General
Darfur Desk
DPKO
Joint Support Coordination Mechanism
Joint Special Representative
UNAMID
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Peace and Security Council
Security Council
Commission
Peace and Security
UNSG
Darfur Desk
DPKO
Joint Special Representative
UNAMID
Joint Support Coordination Mechanism
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7. Conclusion

• Various meanings of Regionalization
• Heterogeneity with Western supremacy
• Primacy of UN Security Council?
• Main Powers involvement?
• Risk of proliferation of regional and subregional
  actors?

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Peace and Security African Architecture
Peace and Security Council
Panel of the Wises
African Peace Fund
Chairman of the AU Commission
Peace and Security Department
Military Staff
African Stand-By Forces
ECOWAS Economic Community of Western African
States
North Africa
CEMAC Communauté économique et monétaire de
lAfrique centrale
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority for Development
SADC South African Development Community
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